Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

CVS > Pericardial Disease + Myocarditis > Flashcards

Pericardial Disease + Myocarditis Flashcards

1
Q

What is myocarditis

A

Inflammation of the myocardium
Acute or chronic
Causes reduced function and conduction
Often associated with pericarditis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What causes myocarditis

A 
Idiopathic = 50%
Viral
Bacterial
Fungal
Parasitic
Toxins
Hypersensitivity 
Autoimmune
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are viral causes

A 
Adenovirus
Enterovirus
Coxsackie
CMV
Influenza
EBV
HSV
Hepatitis
Mumps
Rubella
HIV
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are bacterial causes

A 
Staph and strep
Chlamydia
Mycoplasma pneumoniae
TB
Meninigococcus
Treponema pallidum (syphillis) 
Brucellosis
Psittacosis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are fungal causes

A

Aspergillus

Candida

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are parasitic causes

A

Schistosomiasis
Toxoplasmosis
Lyme’s
Leptospirosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What toxins can cause

A

Alcohol
Lithium
Cocaine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What other drugs can cause

A 
Cephalosporin
TCA
Penicillin
Sulphonamide
Cyclophosphamide
Spirnolactone 
Carbamazepine
Clozapine
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What autoimmune can cause

A 
SLE
Sarcoid
Churg-Strauss
Sjogren
Microscopic 
Macroscopic
Kawasai
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

How does myocarditis present

A 
ACS
HF
Arrythmia
Palpitation
Fatgiue
Chest pain -pleuritic 
SOB
Fever
Tachycardia
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

How do you Dx myocarditis

A 
ECG
Cardiac biomarkers consistent with MI
ECHO = diastolic dysfunction / effusion
Bloods - raised ESR / CRP
MRI if stable
Biopsy = diagnostic 
Serology for cause
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What does ECG show

A

Persistent ST elevation >3 hours - would evolve if ischaemia
T wave inversion
AV block
Prolonged QT

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

How do you treat myocarditis

A

Treat cause

Support HF

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are the complications of myocarditis

A

Impaired function
Impaired conduction
Arrythmia
DCM

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is pericarditis

A

Inflammation of pericardium (lining of heart) with or without myocardial involvement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What causes pericarditis

A 
POST MI
MYOCARDIAL RUPTURE 
Post viral - cocksackie 
Aortic dissection
Same causes as myocarditis
Cancer
Hypothyroid
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What are the symptoms of pericarditis

A 
Pleuritic chest pain
Worse lying flat
Better sitting forward
Fever
Cough
SOB
Flu like symptoms prior 
Pericardial rub 
Pericardial effusion - JVP / low BP
Cardiac tamponande
18
Q

How do you Dx pericarditis

A 
ECG
ECHO if suspect to look for fluid 
Bloods - FBC, U+E, LFT, CRP
Cardio biomarkers - troponin may be raised 
Bloods for cause 
CXR - effusion
19
Q

What does ECG show

A

Widespread ST changes

PR depression = pathomenumonic

20
Q

How do you Rx

A

Colchicine / NSAID for idiopathic / viral
Treat cause
Consider steroid if not improving

21
Q

What causes pericardial effusion

A

Same as pericarditis
Rupture - post MI / trauma / haemopericardium
Aortic dissection
Malignnaayc

22
Q

How does effusion present

A 
SOB
FAtigue
Dizzy
Hypotension
Chest pain 
Pulsus paradoxus - decreased systolic on inspiration
Raised JVP
Muffled heart sounds
23
Q

How do you Dx

A

ECHO
CXR
ECG

24
Q

What does ECG show

A

Electrical pulses alternans (alternating height of QRS as heart swings back and forward)

25
Q

How do you treat

A

Pericardiocentesis - diagnostic and therapetuic

26
Q

What do you do with fluid

A

Send for ZN / culture / cytology

Most causes are exudates

27
Q

What are sings that structures being compressed by effusion

A

Phrenic nerve - nausea due to diaphragm
Bronchial breathing - compressed base
Hoarse voice - recurrent laygneal
Horner - sympathetic

28
Q

What is constrictive pericarditis

A

Impaired filling of heart due to rigid pericardium even though myocardium is normal
Very rare

29
Q

What causes constrictive pericarditis

A 
Any cause particularly TB
Idiopathic
Radiation
Post op
Autoimmune 
SArcoid
30
Q

How does constrictive pericarditis present

A 
RHF
Increased JVP (X+Y) 
Fatigue
SOB
Couh
Ascites
Oedema
Hepatomegaly
Jaundice
Kausmaul - JVP rise with inspiration (should decrease)
31
Q

How do you Dx constrictive pericarditis

A

CXR - calcification / small heart
ECHO
Right heart Cath / angio / MRI to differentiate from restrictive cardiomyopathy

32
Q

How do you treat

A

Diuretic

Pericardiotomy

33
Q

What are the complications

A

Pleural effusion

AF

34
Q

How do you differentiate from tamponade

A

X and Y descent
Kausmaul sign present
Calficication on CXR
NO pulses paradoxus

35
Q

What is cardiac tamponade

A

Accumulation of fluid under pressure reducing ventricular filling and CO

36
Q

What causes

A 
Post PCI / cardiac surgery 
Effusion
Trauma - RTA
Lung and breast Ca
Pericarditis
MI
Bacteria e.g. TB
37
Q

What are the signs of tamponade

A

TRIAD
Hypotension
Muffled heart sounds
Raised JVP - absent Y

SOB
Tachy
Pulsus paradoxus - large drop in BP on inspiration
NO KAUSMAUL

38
Q

How do you Dx

A

Beck trial
ECG
ECHO

39
Q

What does ECG show

A

Electrical alternans

40
Q

How do you treat

A 
Urgent pericardiocentesis and send fluid
HELP 
O2
Monitor ECG
Group and save
41
Q

What are the outcomes

A

Cardiac arrest and shock rapidly

42
Q

What may patient have before pericarditis

A

Infection - viral cold etc

CVS (30 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions