Random Renal Facts Flashcards
What conditions cause a normal anion gap metabolic acidosis?
ABCD Addison's Bicarb loss Chloride Drugs
For ascites, what diuretic do you use?
Spironolactone
What is the most common extra renal complication of polycystic kidneys?
Liver abscesses
Followed by berry aneurysms
What is the main treatment of rhabdomyolysis?
Rapid IV fluid treatment
What is one of the most common childhood malignancies that causes flank pain, palpable masses, and painless haematuria?
Wilms’ tumour
What cancer are you at increased risk of following renal transplantation?
Skin cancers
What is the maximum infusion rate of potassium?
Arguably 10mmol/hour
Sometimes up to 20mmol/hour
What is the investigation of choice for reflux nephropathy?
Micturating cystography
What is the commonest cause of chronic pyelonephritis?
Reflux nephropathy
What is a hallmark of renal tuberculosis?
Persistent sterile pyuria
What are the complications of polycystic kidney disease?
Mitral valve involvement Ovarian cysts Hepatic cysts Diverticulosis Intracranial aneurysms
What does fibromuscular dysplasia present as?
Proliferation of cells in renal arterial walls. Causes arteries to bulge or narrow
String of beads appearance
Commonly in young patients who have AKI after initiation of an ACE inhibitor
What drugs must primarily be stopped in AKI?
DAMN
Diuretics
ACEi
Metformin
NSAIDs
What dialysis is CI in Crohn’s Disease?
Peritoneal
What is the first line dialysis in RRT patients?
Peritoneal
What two drugs can cause rhabdomyolysis?
Erythryomycin and simvastatin
If urea is proportionally higher than creatinine, what does this indicate?
Dehydration
Why is nephrotic syndrome a hypercoagulable state?
Due to loss of antithrombin III from the kidneys
What is the best measurement to diagnose diabetic nephropathy?
Early morning A:CR measurement
what is the management of hydronephrosis?
acute = nephrostomy tube
chronic = ureteric stent/pyeloplasty
give an example of an anti-androgen that is given prior to GnRH analogues
cyproterone acetate
start 3 days before
in what type of torsion is your cremasteric reflex preserved?
appendage torsion
what is the most common renal stone?
calcium oxalate
what are the features of cystine stones?
inherited recessive disorder whereby decreased absorption of cystine occurs from intestine and renal tubule
what are the features of uric acid stones?
precipitates when urinary pH is decreased
usually caused by increased tissue breakdown
radiolucent
what are the features of calcium phosphate stones?
usually caused by RTA or increased pH or supersaturation of urine
radio-opaque stones
what are the features of struvite stones?
staghorn stones
formed by magnesium, ammonia and phosphate
most common cause is proteus mirabilis
how does the pH of urine change with food?
post prandially, urine pH decreases, then after, it becomes more alkaline
