Glomerulonephritides Flashcards
Name the hallmarks of Nephrotic Syndrome
Oedema
Proteinuria
(usually podocyte pathology)
Name the hallmarks of Nephritic Syndrome
Hypertension
Haematuria
(usually inflammatory change)
Outline what happens in rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis
NEPHRITIC
Breaks in the basement membrane allowing an influx of inflammatory cells. Appears crescent shaped on renal biopsy.
Typically presents as AKI. Rapid. Causes include Goodpasture’s and vasculitis
Treat with corticosteroids and cyclophosphamide
Outline what happens in IgA nephropathy
NEPHRITIC
Also called Buerger’s disease or mesangioproliferative glomerulonephritis.
Typically asymptomatic young adult with invisible or visible haematuria. Occurs 12-72 hours after infection.
IgA deposits are found in the mesangium.
Associated with C3 and IgG.
Treat with ACE/ARB
Outline what happens in Henoch-Schonlein purpura
NEPHRITIC
Similar to IgA nephropathy. IgA deposits found in the kidneys but also the skin, joints and gut.
Purpuric rash on extensor surfaces, polyarthritis and abdominal pain.
IgA and C3 seen deposited in skin.
Outline what happens in Alport syndrome
NEPHRITIC
Genetic disorder. Caused by an inherited defect in type IV collagen.
Glomerulonephritis, end stage renal disease and sensorineural deafness.
Leiomyomas and retinal deposits can also be seen.
Outline what happens in Goodpasture’s disease
NEPHRITIC Also called anti-GBM disease Autoantibodies to type IV collagen. Renal disease and lung disease Anti-GBM will be found in the bloods
Treat with corticosteroids and cyclophosphamide
Outline what happens in Post-Streptococcal glomerulonephritis
NEPHRITIC
2 weeks after throat infection or 3-6 weeks after skin infection.
Streptococcal antigens deposit in kidneys causing inflammation.
Outline what happens in Minimal Change Disease
NEPHROTIC SYNDROME
Associated with NSAIDs or Lithium or Paraneoplastic Syndromes
Fusion of podocyte foot processes
Diagnose with light microscopy
Treat with prednisolone 1mg/kg
Manage frequent relapses with cyclophosphamide
Outline what happens in Focal Segmental Glomerulosclerosis
Focal sclerosis is seen in the glomeruli resulting in podocyte death
Manage with ACE/ARB and BP control
Outline what happens in Membranous Nephropathy
Anti-phospholipase A2 antibodies
Diffusely thickened GBM due to subepithelial immune complex deposits
Spikes on silver stain
Manage with ACE/ARB and BP control
What happens in Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis/Wegener’s Granulomatosis?
Form of vasculitis that affects the medium and small sized vessels in the upper airway tract and kidneys
Nosebleeds and uveal irritation can occur
ANCA is usually positive
What condition will you seen cANCA present i?
Granulomatosis with polyangiitis
Often progresses to rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis
Crescents will be seen on microscopy
In which condition will you see segmental tuft necrosis?
Focal segmental glomerulonephritis
In which condition will you see Kimmelstiel-Wilson nodules?
Diabetes Mellitus
