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Urology > Miscellaenous > Flashcards

Miscellaenous Flashcards

1
Q

What are the features of Acute Interstitial Nephritis?

A

Arthralgia, rash, fever
Raised urinary eosinophils, IgE and WCC
Hypertension

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2
Q

What medications can cause Acute Interstitial Nephritis?

A 
Penicillin
Rifampicin
NSAIDs
Allopurinol
Furosemide
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3
Q

What are the features of Haemolytic Uraemic Syndrome?

A

Thrombocytopaenia
Normocytic anaemia
AKI

Often following diarrhoeal illness (most often a complication with E. coli)

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4
Q

What will be found on a blood film in Haemolytic Uraemic Syndrome?

A

Fragmented RBC’s

Decreased serum haptoglobins

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5
Q

Where are the 3 places that ureteric stones are mainly found?

A

Pelviureteric junction
Pelvic brim
Vesicoureteric junction

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6
Q

What are the features of having ureteric stones?

A 
Loin to groin pain
Nausea/vomiting
Cannot lie still
Haematuria
Proteinuria
Co existent infection
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7
Q

What are the investigations for ureteric stones?

A

Non contrast CT is imaging of choice
80% of stones are visible on KUB XR

FBC, U&E, Calcium, Phosphate, Glucose, Bicarbonate, Urate

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8
Q

What is the management for ureteric stones?

A

Diclofenac 75mg IV/IM
Piperacillin/tazobactam 4.5g/8h IV if infection

Stones <5mm pass spontaneously
Stones >5mm: medical expulsion therapy, start nifedipine or a blockers

If still not passed, try shockwave lithotripsy

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9
Q

If ureteric stones are made from urate, what medication should be used?

A

Allopurinol

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10
Q

In hypercalciruia, what diuretic should be used?

A

Thiazide diuretic

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11
Q

What are the features of rhabdomyolysis?

A 
AKI with disproportionately elevated creatinine
Raised CK
Myoglobinuria 
Hypocalcaemia 
Hyperphosphataemia
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12
Q

What are the causes of rhabdomyolysis?

A

Crush injury
Statins
Seizures
Collapse/coma

Eventually, acute tubular necrosis occurs

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13
Q

What are the indications for RRT?

A 
Acid base abnormalities
Inability to control volume status
Inability to control blood pressure 
Pruritis 
Nausea/vomiting
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14
Q

What happens in haemodialysis?

A

Blood is passed over a semi permeable membrane
Diffusion of solutes occurs down a concentration gradient
Use a AV fistula

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15
Q

What are the complications of haemodialysis?

A

Infection
Thrombosis
Blockage of AV fistula

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16
Q

What is the most common organism found in infected peritoneal fluid?

A

Staphylococcus epidermidis

17
Q

What is the most popular type of peritoneal dialysis?

A

Continuous Ambulatory Peritoneal Dialysis

Involves four 2L exchanges every day

Urology (8 decks)

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