Random Recall Part 3 Flashcards by anne cruzado-cruz

Treatment of APAS in pregnant patient

heparin + aspirin

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Low C3 only

PSGN and MPGN type 2 (DDD)

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Low C3 and C4

Shunt nephritis, Lupus, Cyrgoglobulinemia, MPGN Type 1, Bacterial endocarditis

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IgG and positive bandlike subendothelial immune deposits + subendothelial mesangial deposits

MPGN Type 1

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mimic MCD and FSGS

C1q nephropathy

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renal changes in pre-eclampsia

glomerular endotheliosis

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UTI suppressive treatment in pregnant

nitrofurantoin

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crystalluria

cusira: calcium oxalate, urates, sulfonamides, indinavir, radio iodinated contrast, acyclovir

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aceinhibitor with no renal dose adjustment in HD patients

imidapril

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If captopril decrease GFR by 35%

suspect RAS

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renal cell carcinoma which produce mucin

collecting duct carcinoma

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differentiate cell mediated vs humoral rejection

negative C4D stain - cell mediated; positive C4D: humoral

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most common cause of delayed graft function

ischemic ATN

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KT drug that can cause gout

cyclosporine

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can increase CNI level

verapamil

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decrease CNI level

anti TB and anti seizure drugs

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PTH in phosphorus reabsorption

decrease kidney; increase gut absorption

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erectile dysfunction in CKD

blunt increase in LH

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risk factor with paradoxical protective effect in HD

obesity

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first line drugs for restless leg syndrome

levodopa and pramiprexole (2) gabapentin and carbamezipine

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first line for skin xerosis with pruritus

capsaicin

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platelet effect on CKD

impaired interaction of platelets with vascular endothelium

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DM more common in what post KT drug

Tacrolimus

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glucose intolerance as an effect of which post KT drug

prednisone, cyclospporine

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how many weeks before conception should MMF be shifted to another post KT drug

6 weeks before concenption

absolute contraindication to KT

positive T cell crossmatch

acute cellular rejection treatment

pulse steroids

obesity

reduced adiponectin; increased leptin, resistin, IL6, TNFa

high BP in the office and normal BP values in the out of office enviroment

white coat hypertension

normal BP in the office but high BP in ambulatory setting

masked hypertension

sleep BP that falls less than 10% compared with awake levels

nondipper (normal 15-20% dip)

useful to monitor orthostatic hypotension

home bp monitoring

evaluate Na and K intake

24h urine collection

treatment for low renin hypertension

alpha blocker

treatment for acute aortic dissection

lower BP within 20 mins to a sbp < 120

most common immunulogic cause of AIN

acute allograft rejection

target K in AKI

less than 5.5

when to treat met acid in AKI

hco3 < 15, pH < 7.15-7.2

average annual decline in egfr in DM

2.1-2.7

target pth in CKD

150-300

most important regulator of intestinal absorption

dietary phosphate

recommeded daily allowance for Pi

800 mg/day

Schistosoma species often involved in GN

S. mansoni

First line therapy for treatment naïve patients with metastatic CA

Bevacizumab + IFN alpha

Treatment Non-pseudomonal gram negative enterobacteria

3rd Gen cephalosporins or aminoglycosides

More important CD class early after transplant

CD8

critical for indirect allorecognition later in the transplant course

CD4

compression of the left renal vein between the aorta and superior mesenteric artery

renal nutrcacker

Cells responsible for EPO production

peritubular fibroblast

RCC well differentiated neoplastic cells with intensely eosinophilic granular cytoplasm

oncocytoma

RCC with hepatic dysfunction in the absence of metastases

Stauffer syndrome

RCC with excellent prognosis

Chromophobe / Sarcomatoid

Most common malignant cause of UTO

Cervical Cancer

collecting sample for BUN

Slow pump to 100 ml/min for 10 seconds then stopping pump before sampling

Accepted parameter for dialyzer reuse

→ fiber bundle volume must be greater than 80% of the initial value, and the dialyzer should hold greater than 80% of the maximal operating pressure

Buffer of free radicals in Wisconsin solution

Hydroxyethyl starch

Buffer in HTK solution

Histidine

More sensitive assay for detecting donor anti-HLA antibody

Flow cytometric cross-match assay

kidney disease presenting with membrane blebs on RBC

glomerular

urine sediment seen in patients with nephrotic range proteinuria

oval fat bodies

hyponat of pregnancy appears to be mediated by

relaxin

medication when combined with antimicrobials that provide palliation for patients who cannot undergo surgery

acetohydroxamic acid

Type of classic decoy cells

Type 1

GBM in thin basement memberane disease

150-250 nm

initial management in thrombotic microangiopathy post transplant

discontinue CNI

diuretic of choice in patients with GFR below 30

Torsemide

ace inhibitor less likely to cause cough

imidapril

initial lab test to investigate presence of comorbid condition, seoncdary causes or target organ damage in a newly diagnosed htn

ECG

key renal regulatory response to mild increase in blood pressure

pressure natriuresis

pathophysiology of ankle edema secondary to calcium channel blocker

precapillary vasodilation

hypertensive emergency medication that provides acute improvement in renal function, lacks toxic metabolites and has specific renal vasodilating effects

fenoldopam

water exiting the reverse osmosis unit

permeate

changes in GFR are offset by changes in the tubular reabsorption of fluid and NaCl; independent of direct neuronal and systemic hormonal control

glomerulotubular balance

low angiotensin levels

NaCl reabsorption

fine tuning of K excretion

distal nephron

principal effector molecule of RAS

angiotensin II

arterial pressure that can trigger renin secertion

< 90 mmHg

angiotensin peptide with a predominant role in vasopressin release

AT III

strongest expression of SGLT1

S3 of PCT

plasma glucose threshold where glucose should begin to be excreted int he urine

280 mg/dL

SGLT2 inhibitor decrease glomerular hyperfiltration via TGF by what mechanism

constriction of afferent arteriole

major transporter of cationic drugs and metabolites

SLC22A2

main apical transporter for anionic amino acids in the proximal tubule

EAAT3

Increase in tubular flow causes increase in NaCl delivery and Ca influx leading to decrease in renin

Tubuloglomerular feedback

Uosm 280 in spg

1.008 or 1.009 | inc in UOsm 35-40, rises to 0.001

Proteinuria in fanconi and dent disease

Tubular

Proteinuria in myeloma and rhabdo

overflow

Proteinuria in infection stones

post renal

glomerular hematuria

10-80% dysmorphic rbc | > 2-5% acathocytes

casts in chronic renal failure

broad casts

atn cast

tubular epithelial cell

most common n benign neoplasm less than 2-3 cm

renal adenoma