Random Recall Part 2 Flashcards
1
Q
Vascular calcification’s greatest risk factor
A
Low bone turnover/Adynamic Bone disease
2
Q
Part of the peritoneum that is involve in glucose transport
A
Mesothelial cells
3
Q
Most common mode of transfer or acquiring PD infection
A
Touch Contamination
4
Q
Most common cause of PD Peritonitis
A
Staphylococcus epidermidis
5
Q
What is feared using 0 K Bath/Low K Bath
A
Arrhythmia
6
Q
Most dreaded complication of Acquired Polycystic Kidney Disease
A
Malignancy
7
Q
Other Treatment option for APKD proven by studies that can dec. cyst size/vol
A
Tolvaptan
8
Q
RAAS for Type 1 DM
A
ACE inhibitor
9
Q
RAAS for Type 2 DM
A
ARB
10
Q
uremic toxin is attributed to platelet dysfunction
A
Guanidosuccinic Acid
11
Q
most common stimulus for PTH release
A
decrease in Calcium
12
Q
imaging to rule out ADPKD having infection
A
FDG PET
13
Q
Hallmark of renal disease progression
A
Proteinuria
14
Q
Hypokalemia, Low rennin, Low aldo, HTN, Met Alkalosis
A
LIDDLE’s Syndrome
15
Q
only urinary findings with Acetazolamide
A
Bicarbonaturia
16
Q
Treatment of NDI, antihyperglycemic agent
A
Chlorpropramide
17
Q
Mechanism of hyperkalemia sec. to Trimethroprim
A
Blocks ENAC
18
Q
MC cause of hypermagnesemia
A
Renal Insufficiency
19
Q
PTH Localization pre op
A
Sestamibi scan
20
Q
Most Common form of Calcium in the blood
A
Free Ionized Ca
21
Q
Normal Plasma K, no symptoms, no ECG changes
A
Spurious Hypokalemia
22
Q
GN Associated with NSAID use
A
MCD
23
Q
treatment to MN
A
Ponticelli Protocol
24
Q
Management of AntiGBM Disease
A
Plasmapheresis+Steroids+Cyclophosphamide
25
pulmonary hemorrhage, renal failure
Anti GBM
26
minimal mesangial stain for C3 IgM and effacement of foot process on EM
MCD
27
Most common cause of RPGN in adult
Pauci Immune Crescentic GN
28
supepithelial hump deposits
PSGN
29
subepithelial deposits
MN
30
cause of hematuria in Sickle cell nephropathy
Microinfarcts in the medulla
31
Agent Causing collapsing FSGS
Pamidronate
32
steroid resistant FSGS treatment
Cyclosporine
33
Type of FSGS behaves like MCD with sudden/abrupt proteinuria
Tip lesion FSGS
34
Treatment for C3GN
MMF+ Rituximab
35
Synpharyngitic hematuria
IgAN
36
GN patient is morbidly obese
FSGS (Perihilar Type
37
feature of IgAN with better prognosis
macroscopic hematuria
38
fluid of choice to test if prerenal responsive vs. HRS
Human Albumin 25%
39
is combined with large volume paracentesis
Human Albumin 25%
40
agent that causes AKI by TMA
Bevacizumab
41
Drug causing AKI that causes precipitation of Crystals
Methotrexate
42
Novel AKI biomarker that assist in repair of renal tubules and decreases apoptosis
NGAL
43
RRT of choice IN Tumor lysis Syndrome
Intermittent HD
44
Treatment of AKI with volume overload
Furosemide
45
protein requirement of a given patient,AKI on RRT
1-1.3
46
protein requirement of a given patient,AKI on CRRT
1.7 g/kg
47
Inflammatory cell seen earliest in Ichemic Injury/AKI
neutrophil
48
Endothelial phenomenon that result to reduction of blood vessel density following ischemic injury
Vascular drop out
49
Mechanism of AKI induced by NSAIDs
vasoconstriction
50
mechanism of AKI in CIN
direct tubular toxicity
51
mechanism of NAC
depleting glutathione
52
post cardiac procedure, with livedo reticularis, elevated crea, oligoanuria)
atheroemboli
53
Antihypertensive medication for post delivery breastfeeding mom
Labetalol,M-Methyldopa,P-Propranolol,E-Enalapril C-Captopril
54
HD of pregnant patient
20hours/week
55
safe immunosuppressive KT drugs in pregnancy:
CAST (C-CYA,A-AZA,S-Steroid, T-Tacrolimus)
56
Beta blocker medications known to be contraindicated in pregnant
atenolol
57
MHC I
CD8
58
MHC II
CD4
59
Drug that block the IL-2 transduction
CNI
60
Immunosuppressive drug use for high risk group but also has highest risk of infection
rATG
61
Most common cause of Delayed Graft Function
Ischemic ATN
62
post KT, oligoanuria, intraop( massive bleeding, difficulty in anastomosis due to multiple art
Renal artery thrombosis
63
Treatment of choice of pregnant KTR with Acute rejection
High dose steroids
64
Erosion of the renal calyx that progresses to papillary necrosis, renal parenchymal cavitation & dilated calyces
active renal TB
65
encrusted cystitis cause
Corynebacterium
66
treatment of choice in a given case of renal mass less than 4cm, normal renal function
surveillance
67
MC site of mets of RCC
Lung
68
Most common cause of Hypercalciuria causing stone
Increase Intestinal Absorption
69
Struvite stone treatment of choice
Surgical removal
70
Kidney stone treatment of choice
K citrate
71
next Treatment of stone post ESWL failure
ureteral stent
72
Limit of Na correction rate
0.5 mmol/hr
73
site of maximal bicarbonate reabsorption
proximal tubule
74
adaptation in chronic metabolic acidosis
increase NHE at proximal tubule
75
action of angiotensin II
constrict efferent arterioles
76
acei with no renal dose adjustment
imidapril
77
k in kt/v
dialyzer clearance of urea
78
1st line medication in hypertension in pregnancy
methyldopa
79
antihypertensive in breastfeeding postpartum
acei, methldopa, labetalol, propranolol
80
pathophysiology of AFLP in pregnancy
prerenal vasoconstriction of renal artery
81
PTH finding in hypercalciuria
increased PTH
82
imaging test for renal abscess
CT scan
83
most common site of injury in cisplatin toxicity
s3
84
mechanism in ATN
apoptosis, low K and ATP
85
mechanism of injury in cin
toxic and hypoxic injuries at the outer medulla
86
differentiate between obstruction due to stasis or dilatation
diuretic renography
87
ttkg 2-3
increased tubular delivery
88
most common site of RCC metastasis
lungs
89
most common symptom in RCCA
hematuria
90
type of RCCA which is least aggressive despite presentation of a large mass
oncocytoma
91
cyst classification with indefinite parenchymal enhancement
Type III
92
block synthesis of cytokines including IL2 not B cells
corticosteroids
93
inhibit calcineurin synthesis, IL2 and other T cell activation molecules
cyclosporine
94
inhibits pure synthesis lymphocyte replication inhibited
azathioprine
95
reversible inhibition of de novo pathway of purine synthesis relatively lymphocyte selective
MMF
96
advantage of end to side in cannulation
avoid venous hypertension
97
hallmark of AIN
inflammatory infiltrates with interstitial edema
98
targets renal fibrosis in FSGS
pirfenidone
99
most effective medication in decreasing pth and ica
cinnacalcet
100
determines solute transport and dialyzer clearance
thickness of membrane
101
most potent non-osmotic stimuli of AVP
nausea
102
stimulates NHE at proximal tubule
low dose angiotensin, insulin
103
treatment of acute prostatitis
b lactam or aminoglycoside x 6 weeks
| FQ oral
104
chronic prostatits tx
quinolones, macrolides
cipro/levox
doxycycline/macrolide
105
mechanism of action of CNI in AKI
microvascular constriction
106
(+) C4D, DSA, ABO, allograft dysfunction
Acute antibody mediated rejection
107
management in HRS
colloid plus albumin
108
ivf for post obstructive diuresis
0.45 Nacl IV
109
duration from pharyngitis to nephritic syndrome
more than 7 days
110
most important determinant of uric acid stones
low urine pH
111
most likely seen stone in hyperuricosuria
ca oxalate
112
duration of treatment post removal of struvite stone
until 4 weeks post eswl
113
GFR in pregnancy
increased 50-65
114
most effective in directly blocking RAAS
aliskerin
115
most significant regulator of FGF23
Vitamin D
116
water channels in peritoneum
aqp1
117
responsible for water reabsorption in response to vasopresing at CD
aqp2
118
1st line in acute uncomplicated pyelonephritis
quinolones
119
risk factors for UTI in post kt
female, DM, immunosuppresion, allograft trauma
120
most reliable test for genitoruinary TB
IVP
121
treatment of GUTB
2HRZE/4HR
122
most Na and Water reabsorption at proximal tubule
NHE
123
diuretic causing impotence, DM
thiazide
