Random Recall Part 2 Flashcards
Vascular calcification’s greatest risk factor
Low bone turnover/Adynamic Bone disease
Part of the peritoneum that is involve in glucose transport
Mesothelial cells
Most common mode of transfer or acquiring PD infection
Touch Contamination
Most common cause of PD Peritonitis
Staphylococcus epidermidis
What is feared using 0 K Bath/Low K Bath
Arrhythmia
Most dreaded complication of Acquired Polycystic Kidney Disease
Malignancy
Other Treatment option for APKD proven by studies that can dec. cyst size/vol
Tolvaptan
RAAS for Type 1 DM
ACE inhibitor
RAAS for Type 2 DM
ARB
uremic toxin is attributed to platelet dysfunction
Guanidosuccinic Acid
most common stimulus for PTH release
decrease in Calcium
imaging to rule out ADPKD having infection
FDG PET
Hallmark of renal disease progression
Proteinuria
Hypokalemia, Low rennin, Low aldo, HTN, Met Alkalosis
LIDDLE’s Syndrome
only urinary findings with Acetazolamide
Bicarbonaturia
Treatment of NDI, antihyperglycemic agent
Chlorpropramide
Mechanism of hyperkalemia sec. to Trimethroprim
Blocks ENAC
MC cause of hypermagnesemia
Renal Insufficiency
PTH Localization pre op
Sestamibi scan
Most Common form of Calcium in the blood
Free Ionized Ca
Normal Plasma K, no symptoms, no ECG changes
Spurious Hypokalemia
GN Associated with NSAID use
MCD
treatment to MN
Ponticelli Protocol
Management of AntiGBM Disease
Plasmapheresis+Steroids+Cyclophosphamide
pulmonary hemorrhage, renal failure
Anti GBM
minimal mesangial stain for C3 IgM and effacement of foot process on EM
MCD
Most common cause of RPGN in adult
Pauci Immune Crescentic GN
supepithelial hump deposits
PSGN
subepithelial deposits
MN
cause of hematuria in Sickle cell nephropathy
Microinfarcts in the medulla
Agent Causing collapsing FSGS
Pamidronate
steroid resistant FSGS treatment
Cyclosporine
Type of FSGS behaves like MCD with sudden/abrupt proteinuria
Tip lesion FSGS
Treatment for C3GN
MMF+ Rituximab
Synpharyngitic hematuria
IgAN
GN patient is morbidly obese
FSGS (Perihilar Type
feature of IgAN with better prognosis
macroscopic hematuria
fluid of choice to test if prerenal responsive vs. HRS
Human Albumin 25%
is combined with large volume paracentesis
Human Albumin 25%
agent that causes AKI by TMA
Bevacizumab
Drug causing AKI that causes precipitation of Crystals
Methotrexate
Novel AKI biomarker that assist in repair of renal tubules and decreases apoptosis
NGAL
RRT of choice IN Tumor lysis Syndrome
Intermittent HD
Treatment of AKI with volume overload
Furosemide
protein requirement of a given patient,AKI on RRT
1-1.3
protein requirement of a given patient,AKI on CRRT
1.7 g/kg
Inflammatory cell seen earliest in Ichemic Injury/AKI
neutrophil
Endothelial phenomenon that result to reduction of blood vessel density following ischemic injury
Vascular drop out
Mechanism of AKI induced by NSAIDs
vasoconstriction
mechanism of AKI in CIN
direct tubular toxicity
mechanism of NAC
depleting glutathione
post cardiac procedure, with livedo reticularis, elevated crea, oligoanuria)
atheroemboli
Antihypertensive medication for post delivery breastfeeding mom
Labetalol,M-Methyldopa,P-Propranolol,E-Enalapril C-Captopril
HD of pregnant patient
20hours/week
safe immunosuppressive KT drugs in pregnancy:
CAST (C-CYA,A-AZA,S-Steroid, T-Tacrolimus)
Beta blocker medications known to be contraindicated in pregnant
atenolol
MHC I
CD8
MHC II
CD4
Drug that block the IL-2 transduction
CNI
Immunosuppressive drug use for high risk group but also has highest risk of infection
rATG
Most common cause of Delayed Graft Function
Ischemic ATN
post KT, oligoanuria, intraop( massive bleeding, difficulty in anastomosis due to multiple art
Renal artery thrombosis
Treatment of choice of pregnant KTR with Acute rejection
High dose steroids
Erosion of the renal calyx that progresses to papillary necrosis, renal parenchymal cavitation & dilated calyces
active renal TB
encrusted cystitis cause
Corynebacterium
treatment of choice in a given case of renal mass less than 4cm, normal renal function
surveillance
MC site of mets of RCC
Lung
Most common cause of Hypercalciuria causing stone
Increase Intestinal Absorption
Struvite stone treatment of choice
Surgical removal
Kidney stone treatment of choice
K citrate
next Treatment of stone post ESWL failure
ureteral stent
Limit of Na correction rate
0.5 mmol/hr
site of maximal bicarbonate reabsorption
proximal tubule
adaptation in chronic metabolic acidosis
increase NHE at proximal tubule
action of angiotensin II
constrict efferent arterioles
acei with no renal dose adjustment
imidapril
k in kt/v
dialyzer clearance of urea
1st line medication in hypertension in pregnancy
methyldopa
antihypertensive in breastfeeding postpartum
acei, methldopa, labetalol, propranolol
pathophysiology of AFLP in pregnancy
prerenal vasoconstriction of renal artery
PTH finding in hypercalciuria
increased PTH
imaging test for renal abscess
CT scan
most common site of injury in cisplatin toxicity
s3
mechanism in ATN
apoptosis, low K and ATP
mechanism of injury in cin
toxic and hypoxic injuries at the outer medulla
differentiate between obstruction due to stasis or dilatation
diuretic renography
ttkg 2-3
increased tubular delivery
most common site of RCC metastasis
lungs
most common symptom in RCCA
hematuria
type of RCCA which is least aggressive despite presentation of a large mass
oncocytoma
cyst classification with indefinite parenchymal enhancement
Type III
block synthesis of cytokines including IL2 not B cells
corticosteroids
inhibit calcineurin synthesis, IL2 and other T cell activation molecules
cyclosporine
inhibits pure synthesis lymphocyte replication inhibited
azathioprine
reversible inhibition of de novo pathway of purine synthesis relatively lymphocyte selective
MMF
advantage of end to side in cannulation
avoid venous hypertension
hallmark of AIN
inflammatory infiltrates with interstitial edema
targets renal fibrosis in FSGS
pirfenidone
most effective medication in decreasing pth and ica
cinnacalcet
determines solute transport and dialyzer clearance
thickness of membrane
most potent non-osmotic stimuli of AVP
nausea
stimulates NHE at proximal tubule
low dose angiotensin, insulin
treatment of acute prostatitis
b lactam or aminoglycoside x 6 weeks
FQ oral
chronic prostatits tx
quinolones, macrolides
cipro/levox
doxycycline/macrolide
mechanism of action of CNI in AKI
microvascular constriction
(+) C4D, DSA, ABO, allograft dysfunction
Acute antibody mediated rejection
management in HRS
colloid plus albumin
ivf for post obstructive diuresis
0.45 Nacl IV
duration from pharyngitis to nephritic syndrome
more than 7 days
most important determinant of uric acid stones
low urine pH
most likely seen stone in hyperuricosuria
ca oxalate
duration of treatment post removal of struvite stone
until 4 weeks post eswl
GFR in pregnancy
increased 50-65
most effective in directly blocking RAAS
aliskerin
most significant regulator of FGF23
Vitamin D
water channels in peritoneum
aqp1
responsible for water reabsorption in response to vasopresing at CD
aqp2
1st line in acute uncomplicated pyelonephritis
quinolones
risk factors for UTI in post kt
female, DM, immunosuppresion, allograft trauma
most reliable test for genitoruinary TB
IVP
treatment of GUTB
2HRZE/4HR
most Na and Water reabsorption at proximal tubule
NHE
diuretic causing impotence, DM
thiazide
