Most Common Part 2 Flashcards

Compiled most commons

1
Q

Most of potassium is secreted in:

A

CNT

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2
Q

Most common cause of absolute hypovolemia

A

Massive bleeding by GI or

trauma

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3
Q

Most recognized renal effect of AVP in CHF

A

hyponatremia

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4
Q

earliest clinical sign in hypervolemia

A

HPN, (ffd by peripheral edema andincreased JVP

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5
Q

Most common cause of type 1 HOKP

A

Autosomal dominant mutations in CACNA1S
gene encoding the α1-subunit of L-type
calcium channels

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6
Q

most common cause of

hypokalemic distal RTA

A

Sjogren’s syndrome

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7
Q

Most common causes of chronic, difficult to

dx hypokalemia

A

Gitelman’s Syndrome, Surreptitious vomiting,

Diuretic abuse

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8
Q

Most common cause of HyperK in ER

A

Renalfailure

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9
Q

Most important infectious cause of Adrenal

insuffcy

A

HIV

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10
Q

Most common cause of adrenalitis in HIV

A

CMV

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11
Q

Most cmmon casue of hyperphosphatemia

A

decreased renal function

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12
Q

Most common cause of

pseudohyperphosphatemia

A

paraproteinemia
(as in multiple myeloma or Waldenström’s
macroglobulinemia)

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13
Q

Most common form of familial PHPT

A

MEN1

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14
Q

Most common granulomatous disease

causing hypercalcemia

A

Sarcoidosis

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15
Q

The most common cause of acquired

hypoparathyroidism in adults

A

surgical
removal of or damage to the parathyroid
glands

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16
Q

best indicator of vit D status

A
The level
of 25(OH)D in the serum
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17
Q

Most common cause of autosomal
recessive proximal tubule renal tubular
acidosis (RTA)

A

Defects in NBCe1

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18
Q

Most important /principal defect in advanced

renal failure causing NAGMA

A

ammoniagenesis is reduced in proportion

to the loss of functional renal mass

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19
Q

Most common cause of acquired proximal

RTA in adults

A

MM, chemotherapeutic drug

injury (ifosfamide)

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20
Q

Most common Mechanisms for dRTA

A

Defects in: basolateral HCO3/Cl exchanger *

and subunits of H ATPase

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21
Q

Most common example of the “gradient”

defect as a cause of dRTA

A

Amphotericin B

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22
Q

most frequently associated renal diseases in Hyporeninmeic

hypoaldosteronism

A

diabetic nephropathy

and tubulointerstitial disease.

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23
Q

Most common cause of type A lactic

acidosis

A

Tissue underperfusion and acute
underoxygenation at the tissue level (tissue
hypoxia)

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24
Q

most commonly associated Acid base

disturbance with salicylate intoxication

A

respiratory alkalosis

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25
Q

Most common open system buffer

A

CO2-HCO3 system

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26
Q

Most common form of anemia in CKD

A

normocytic, normochromic or slightly
hypochromic anemia with insufficient
production of erythrocytes

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27
Q

Major/Most common cause of anemia in CKD:

A

EPO deficiency

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28
Q

Most notable hemaotologic effect of aluminum In dialyzed patients

A

microcytic

anemia

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29
Q

Most frequent type of renal cancer

A

clear cell

renal carcinomas

30
Q
The most consistent abnormality in platelet
function in uremia
A

impaired interaction

of platelets with the vascular subendothelium

31
Q

Most common cause of bleeding in CKD

A

platelet abnormalities

32
Q

Most effective treatment of uremic platelet

dysfunction

A

treatment of anemia with

rHuEPO

33
Q

first aspect of treatment to correct

uremic platelet dysfuxn

A

provide adequate

dialysis

34
Q

most common pigment alteration in kidney in

dialysis patients

A

yellowish tint to the s

35
Q

Most commonly involved area in dialysis

associated steal syndrome

A

Brachial area in dm px

36
Q

Most common causes of Gross hematuria

A

IgA nephropathy or hereditary nephritis

37
Q

The most consistent tubular lesion in MCD

A

increased protein and lipid resorption

droplets in tubular epithelial cells.

38
Q

The most common malignancies assocd with

membranous

A

cancers of the lung and

prostate.

39
Q

Most common IF finding in Membranous

A

IgG

40
Q

best predictor of spontaneous remission

in MN

A

decrease in proteinuria of

more than 50% in the first year of followup

41
Q

strongest indicator of progressive

disease in MN

A

persistence of moderate proteinuria

42
Q

The most common histologic features of type I

MPGN

A

diffuse global capillary wall
thickening, increased mesangial matrix ,
endocapillary hypercellularity

43
Q

most common glomerular lesion of all of forms

of glomerulonephritis:

A

IgAN

44
Q

Most common cause of RPGnin children

A

Immune complex crescentic

glomerulonephritis

45
Q

most common cause of RPGN and crescentic
glomerulonephritis in adults, especially
older adults

A

Pauci-immune crescentic

glomerulonephritis

46
Q

Most important determinant of patient survival

in ANCA small vessel vasculitis dse

A

pulm hemorrhage

47
Q

Most important predictor of renal outcome /

risk for ESRD in ANCA dse

A

entry serum

crea

48
Q

Most common cause of AIN

A

Drug

hypersensitivity

49
Q

Most common implicated drug in AIN

A

B lactam

antibiotics

50
Q

Most common cause of chronic renal failure in

sarcoidosis:

A

nephrocalcinosis

51
Q

Most common malignancy causing TMA:

A

carcinoma (gastric carcinoma)

52
Q

Most common chemotherapeutic drug causing

TMA:

A

Mitomycin C

53
Q

Most common dose limiting side effect of

cisplatin

A

Nephrotoxicity

54
Q

primary site for clearance of cisplatin

A

kidney

55
Q

Most common clinical scenario in cisplatin

nephrotoxicity

A

gradual onset of

nonoliguric AKI

56
Q

Most common electrolyte problem with

cetuximab

A

hypoMg

57
Q

Most common renal pathologic finding with

bisphosphonates

A

ATN

58
Q

Most common glomerular lesion reported in

GVHD:

A

Membranous nephropathy

59
Q

Most common clinical presentation of Renal

cell ca

A

asymptomatic (previous:

hematuria)

60
Q

Most common site of metastases for RCC:

A

lung

61
Q

Most common type of sarcoma of the kidney

A

fibrosarcoma

62
Q

Most common symptom in patietns with pelvic

tumors:

A

gross hematuria

63
Q

Most common symptom Will’s

A

asymptomatic

abdominal mass

64
Q

Most commons site of origin for cysts in APKD:

A

collecting ducts and distal nephron

65
Q

Most common extrarenal manifestation of

APKD

A

polycystic liver

66
Q

Most common cause of infection in APKD

A

UTI
and polycystic liver cysts:
Enterobacteriacae

67
Q

Most common valvular defect in patients with

APKD

A

MVP

68
Q

Most common cause of an abdominal mass in infancy and most common
type of bilateral cystic disease in
newborns

A

Multicystic Dysplastic

Kidneys

69
Q

Most common cystic abnormality

encountered in human kidneys

A

simple cysts

70
Q

Most common cause of stone formation in

patients with MSK

A

absorptive

hypercalciuria

71
Q

Most common type of tumor / RCC assocd

with Acquired cystic kidney disease

A

Papillary (#2 clear