Random Questions

Question 1

What is a G-Protein?

Answer 1

A protein that binds guanyl nucleotides. Important in signaling.

Question 2

What is a 7TM receptor?

Answer 2

A protein that acts as a receptor. Has 7 transmembrane domains. Often acts with g-proteins.

Question 3

What is a Schiff-Base?

Answer 3

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Question 4

What is the dissociation constant (Kd) and how is it used?

Answer 4

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Question 5

What is a P-Loop NTPase?

Answer 5

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Question 6

Describe the difference between Myosin, Kinesin, Dynein motors.

Answer 6

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Question 7

What is Chemotaxis?

Answer 7

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Question 8

What are Cytochrome P450 enzymes and what processes are they important in?

Answer 8

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Question 9

What are Lepinski’s rules relating to? List them.

Answer 9

Lepinski’s rules tell us when poor absorption of a molecule is likely. Related to drug development.
The rules are that there will be poor absorption when:
1. The molecular weight is greater than 500.
2. The number of hydrogen-bond donors is greater than 5.
3. The number of hydrogen-bond acceptors is greater than 10.
4. The partition coefficient [measured as log(p)] is greater than 5.

Question 10

What is the partition coefficient (log(P)) a way to measure? Why does it matter?

Answer 10

The tendency of a molecule to dissolve in membranes, which correlates with its ability to dissolve in organic solvents.
Matters because the ability of a drug to pass through cell membranes is very important.

Question 11

What are the 2 most common pathways in xenobiotic metabolism? Describe them.

Answer 11

1. Oxidation: aid excretion by increasing water solubility and by introducing functional groups that participate in subsequent metabolic steps. Often aided by cytochrome P450 enzymes in the liver.
2. Conjugation: addition of particular groups to xenobiotic compound. Additions often increase water solubility and provide labels that can be recognized to target excretion.

Question 12

What are 3 common groups added in conjugation of a xenobiotic compound?

Answer 12

1. Glutathione
2. Glucuronic acid
3. Sulfate

Question 13

What is an ABC transporter?

Answer 13

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Question 14

What is Le Chatelier’s principle? What is one way that it can be helpful (among many ways of course)?

Answer 14

Le Chantelier’s principle basically states that when a system in equilibrium is disturbed, actions will be taken to reassert that equilibrium.
It is useful when figuring out inhibitors and activators in systems. (for example: krebs cycle, oxidative phosphorylation, many others)