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NBDE 1 Random subjects > Random Physio > Flashcards

Random Physio Flashcards

1
Q

Nicotinic cholinoreceptors open what channels

A

Na+ and K+

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2
Q

Alpha 1 and Muscarinic receptors

A

increase intracellular Ca2+

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3
Q

B1 and B2 receptors

A

increase cAMP

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4
Q

Alpha 1 receptors

A

decrease cAMP

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5
Q

There are how many liters of intracellular and extracellular fluid

A

25 L intracellular

15 L extra(12 interstitial/3 plasma)

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6
Q

Disease due to los of lung elasticity

A

emphysema

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7
Q

Tidal volume is

A

air volume during normal breath

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8
Q

Inspiratory reserve volume

A

maximum volume inspired after tidal.

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9
Q

Expiratory reserve

A

Maximum volume expired after tidal

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10
Q

Inspiratory Capacity

A

Volume of air inhaled during maximal breath from normal(tidal) expiration.

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11
Q

VItal Capacity

A

Maximum inhale and exhale total

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12
Q

Residual volume and equation

A

volume after max ehilation

RV= FRC-ER

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13
Q

Functional Residual Capacity(FRC) volume and equation

A

Residual after tidal expiration

FRC= ER+RV

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14
Q

TLC Total Lung Capacity

A

Entire lung

TLC= VC+RV

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15
Q

Forced Vital Capacity

A

Expired volume after forced inspiration and forced expiration(same as vital capacity)

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16
Q

Force Expiratory Volume

A

Timed over 1 second to compare to VC. Can be used to classify lung disease as restrictive or obstructive

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17
Q

Main arteries that supply the hear?

A

left and right coronary arteries

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18
Q

Veins with oxygenated blood

A

pulmonary veins

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19
Q

Order of blood going through heart valves

A

Tricuspid, pulmonary, bicuspid/mitral, aortic valve

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20
Q

During systole which valves are closed?

During diastole which valves are closed?

A

systole: tri/bicuspid/mitral
diastole: pulmonary and aortic

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21
Q

On a EKG(Q-R) systole is:

diastole is:

A

systole: Q-T
diastole: T-R

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22
Q

Extra P wave heart arrhythmias can cause/indicate

A

partial heart block.

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23
Q

Inward currents of positive ions in nerve

A

depolarization

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24
Q

outward currents of positive ions

A

repolarization

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25
Why are pacemaker action potentials different?
don't use Na+ K+, just slow Ca2+
26
Oncotic pressure vs hydrostatic pressure
oncotic is dependant on protein content | hydrostatic is generated by the heart
27
Starling equation
``` Fluid movement(Jv) Hydrostatic Capillary(Pc) Hydrostatic Interstitial (Pi) Capillary Oncotic(Oc) Interstitial Oncotic(Oi) ``` Jv=(Pc-Pi)-(Oc-Oi)
28
A positive Jv(fluid movement) indicates
fluid moving= into the tissue
29
A negative Jv(fluid movement) indicates
fluid moving into the vessel
30
Ejection fraction (heart)
% of blood ejected after systole Greater than 50% good less than 50% indicates heart failure EF=Stroke volume/end diastolic volume
31
Cardiac output equals
stroke volume x heart rate
32
stroke volume increases when _______increases, _______ decreases, and _______ increases
preload increases afterload decreases, contractility increases
33
Increased intracellular Na+ on the heart
increases stroke volume
34
Chronotropy
Effects that change heart rate
35
Inotropy
Effects that change the force of contractions
36
6 things that are filtered out of urine in proximal convoluted tubule
Sodium, K+, Glucose, AAs, bicarbonate, water
37
In the descending LOH of the kidney water...
can passively diffuse for the last time
38
ascending LOH of kidney
Highly permeable to NaCl, NO water. Potassium can reenter here in exchange for Na(cotransporter)
39
Distal Convoluted tubule
Sodium traded for potassium. Water can leave only with aldosterone present.
40
Main route of calcium excretion
feces.
41
aldosterone acts on which parts of the nephron. | Side effect?
DCT and collecting duct | can cause hypokalemia by excreting too much K+ trying to maintain water and Na`
42
vasa recta
part of peritubular capillary network that reabsorbs whatever passes through nephron to intersitium
43
Excess somatoTROPIN before/after puberty leads to:
gigantism pre puberty | acromegaly post
44
What delays puberty until after childhood?
hypothalamus not releasing GnRH which means no FSH or LH to stimulate sex hormone secretion
45
Hormones that encourage bone formation
GH, insulin, estrogen, androgen, Vit. D, Calcitonin
46
Bone resorption is stimulated in
PTH, Vit D, Cortisol | Inhibited by Estrogen and calcitonin
47
PTH increases _______ while decreasing _______
``` increases blood calcium decreases phosphate(excreted in nephron ```
48
too much PTH?
Muscle tetini
49
myasthenia gravis
Muscle weakness disease caused by antibodies binding to acetylcholine receptors
50
Myosin light chain kinase
enzyme in smooth MM activated by calmodulin to leading to phosphorylation of myosin heads
51
Myogenic
heart muscle is considered myogenic instead of neurogenic because impulses are started by the SA node
52
Gastric hormone that slows digestion and secretion in the duodenum and jejunum
CCK Cholecystokinin | also stimulates pancreas enzyme and bile secretion
53
Main gastric hormone that stimulates pancreas to release bicarbonate, pancreatic enzyme, and bile.
secretin
54
Gastric hormone that stimulates for insulin secretion
GIP(gastrin inhibitory) | similar to cck, slows motility and secretions
55
Gastric hormone that stimulates gastric motility and HCL secretion. It is stimulated by protein in the stomach, distension, and parasympathetic input.
Gastrin
56
Neck cells of the stomach
secrete mucous
57
Parietal cells of the stomach
release HCL and intrinsic factor(B12)
58
Chief cells of stomach
secrete pepsinogen
59
G cells
secrete gastrin into blood(only intrinsic gastric cell)
60
What primarily does the ileum absorb
bile salts, vitamin B12, water, electrolytes
61
Vitamins the intestinal flora aid in uptaking.
Vitamin K and B7(bio7in) from fiber
62
what causes death in pts. with really bad liver health?
buildup of urea

NBDE 1 Random subjects (8 decks)

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