Immunology Flashcards
Molecules that stimulate the production of antibodies
antigens
most antigens are what type of molecules
proteins and polysaccharides
Kupffer Cells
Liver phagocytic cell.
_______ are monocytes that have left the blood stream.
macrophages
Basophils increase _______
vascular permeability
G antibodies are prominent in
the gingiva and Girth
A antibodies are found in _______ and prevent bact from…
excretions, tears, saliva, breastmilk
prevent bacteria from adhering to mucosal surfaces
IgM is _______
made first when exposed to an allergen
IgE antibodies are associated with
Type 1 hypersensitivities and mast cells
Langerhans cells are special _______ on the skin, while Dendritic cells are _______ found in mammals
APCs
plasma is composed of
water, antibodies, complement proteins, and water
Where are the heavy and light chains located on antibodies
the Fab portion at the top of the “Y”
The Fc region of antibodies remains _______ throughout it’s antibody class and is where what binds?
constant
Fc bind complement proteins
Fab bind antigens
What is the purpose of the variation in the Fab region of antibodies
to allow for the Ab to recognize a specific antigen
Killer T cells are what type of immunity
Specific
Interferons, Natural killer cells, and complement pathway are all _______ immunity
nonspecific
First cells to arrive on site of injury or infection
neutrophils- Fireman of inflammation
Release proteolytic enzymes
First step of specific immunity
antigen presenting cells presents antigen
What distinguishes a viral infection from other microbial insults
interferon production
Interferons are what type of immunity`
nonspecific
_______ interferons attack Hep C.
alpha
Cells that provide rapid response to virus infected or tumor cells
Natural killer cells
This cell does not require an antigen presenting cell for activation
Natural killer cell
Opsonization
marking of antigen cells by antibodies for phagocytosis
COPD of Antibody- antigen complex in non specific immunity
Chemotaxis by C5A
Opsonization
Increased vascular permeability
Degranulation of mast cells for vasodilation
Which antibodies start the classic compliment pathway
GM
Which antibodies start the alternative complement pathway?
IgA (and endotoxins)
T and B cells are both produced in the _______ but develope where?
produced in bone marrow
T-cell mature in thymus
B cell mature in bone marrow
B cells(lymphocytes) need to be activated by what to undergo blastic transformation causing them to divide and into memory and plasma cells?
Interluken 2 (IL-2) from T cells
How does an antigen activate specific immunity?
1) antigen is phagocytosed by an MHC2 APC.
2) , the antigen is degraded and put on the APC cell surface
3) a CD4 must bump into the APC MHC2 and match the antigen
Purpose of MHC1 and MHC2 cell receptors
MHC1 is on all nucleated cells of body. If a cell is infected with a virus, CD8 T killer cells can find the MHC1 and kill the cell. 8x1=8
MHC2 is used for antigens. Antigens are picked up by MHC2 APCs which are found by CD4T cells. 2x4=8
Tetanus antitoxin is used for which kind of specific immunity
antitox= Passive artificial immunity
Tetanus toxoid is used for what type of spacific immunity
tetanus toxoid= artificial active immunity
Natural active immunity is a result of
an infection
Natural passive immunity is a result of
maternal transfer of IgG antibodies
Helper T cells do what?
Release lymphokines causing proliferation of B, T, and macrophages.
Suppressor T cells do the opposite
T killer cells are CD_ and bind to which MHC
CD8
MHC1
Interleukin 1 is released by:
Stimulates:
IL1 released by macrophages
Stimulates T, B, neutrophils, and fibroblast growth and secretions
Interleukin 2 is released by:
Stimulates:
IL2- Released by helper T cell(MHC2)
Stimulates growth of helper and cytotoxic T cells. Eventually causes antibodies to be produced
Release lymphokines
T cells
The first time you are exposed, Ig_ is released
the second time Ig_
1st: IgM(ade)
2nd: IgG(ets going)
Haptens are
small molecules that require a carrier protein to ellicit an immune response from T killer cells in Type 4 Hypersensitivity
ANA test(antiNuclear body test)
tests for autoantibodies.
Type 3 hypersensitivity
lupus
Autoimmunity is caused by what
T cells overreacting and producing large amounts of antibodies against self.
