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NBDE 1 Random subjects > Immunology > Flashcards

Immunology Flashcards

1
Q

Molecules that stimulate the production of antibodies

A

antigens

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2
Q

most antigens are what type of molecules

A

proteins and polysaccharides

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3
Q

Kupffer Cells

A

Liver phagocytic cell.

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4
Q

_______ are monocytes that have left the blood stream.

A

macrophages

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5
Q

Basophils increase _______

A

vascular permeability

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6
Q

G antibodies are prominent in

A

the gingiva and Girth

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7
Q

A antibodies are found in _______ and prevent bact from…

A

excretions, tears, saliva, breastmilk

prevent bacteria from adhering to mucosal surfaces

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8
Q

IgM is _______

A

made first when exposed to an allergen

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9
Q

IgE antibodies are associated with

A

Type 1 hypersensitivities and mast cells

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10
Q

Langerhans cells are special _______ on the skin, while Dendritic cells are _______ found in mammals

A

APCs

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11
Q

plasma is composed of

A

water, antibodies, complement proteins, and water

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12
Q

Where are the heavy and light chains located on antibodies

A

the Fab portion at the top of the “Y”

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13
Q

The Fc region of antibodies remains _______ throughout it’s antibody class and is where what binds?

A

constant
Fc bind complement proteins
Fab bind antigens

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14
Q

What is the purpose of the variation in the Fab region of antibodies

A

to allow for the Ab to recognize a specific antigen

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15
Q

Killer T cells are what type of immunity

A

Specific

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16
Q

Interferons, Natural killer cells, and complement pathway are all _______ immunity

A

nonspecific

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17
Q

First cells to arrive on site of injury or infection

A

neutrophils- Fireman of inflammation

Release proteolytic enzymes

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18
Q

First step of specific immunity

A

antigen presenting cells presents antigen

19
Q

What distinguishes a viral infection from other microbial insults

A

interferon production

20
Q

Interferons are what type of immunity`

A

nonspecific

21
Q

_______ interferons attack Hep C.

A

alpha

22
Q

Cells that provide rapid response to virus infected or tumor cells

A

Natural killer cells

23
Q

This cell does not require an antigen presenting cell for activation

A

Natural killer cell

24
Q

Opsonization

A

marking of antigen cells by antibodies for phagocytosis

25
Q

COPD of Antibody- antigen complex in non specific immunity

A

Chemotaxis by C5A
Opsonization
Increased vascular permeability
Degranulation of mast cells for vasodilation

26
Q

Which antibodies start the classic compliment pathway

A

GM

27
Q

Which antibodies start the alternative complement pathway?

A

IgA (and endotoxins)

28
Q

T and B cells are both produced in the _______ but develope where?

A

produced in bone marrow
T-cell mature in thymus
B cell mature in bone marrow

29
Q

B cells(lymphocytes) need to be activated by what to undergo blastic transformation causing them to divide and into memory and plasma cells?

A

Interluken 2 (IL-2) from T cells

30
Q

How does an antigen activate specific immunity?

A

1) antigen is phagocytosed by an MHC2 APC.
2) , the antigen is degraded and put on the APC cell surface
3) a CD4 must bump into the APC MHC2 and match the antigen

31
Q

Purpose of MHC1 and MHC2 cell receptors

A

MHC1 is on all nucleated cells of body. If a cell is infected with a virus, CD8 T killer cells can find the MHC1 and kill the cell. 8x1=8

MHC2 is used for antigens. Antigens are picked up by MHC2 APCs which are found by CD4T cells. 2x4=8

32
Q

Tetanus antitoxin is used for which kind of specific immunity

A

antitox= Passive artificial immunity

33
Q

Tetanus toxoid is used for what type of spacific immunity

A

tetanus toxoid= artificial active immunity

34
Q

Natural active immunity is a result of

A

an infection

35
Q

Natural passive immunity is a result of

A

maternal transfer of IgG antibodies

36
Q

Helper T cells do what?

A

Release lymphokines causing proliferation of B, T, and macrophages.
Suppressor T cells do the opposite

37
Q

T killer cells are CD_ and bind to which MHC

A

CD8

MHC1

38
Q

Interleukin 1 is released by:

Stimulates:

A

IL1 released by macrophages

Stimulates T, B, neutrophils, and fibroblast growth and secretions

39
Q

Interleukin 2 is released by:

Stimulates:

A

IL2- Released by helper T cell(MHC2)

Stimulates growth of helper and cytotoxic T cells. Eventually causes antibodies to be produced

40
Q

Release lymphokines

A

T cells

41
Q

The first time you are exposed, Ig_ is released

the second time Ig_

A

1st: IgM(ade)
2nd: IgG(ets going)

42
Q

Haptens are

A

small molecules that require a carrier protein to ellicit an immune response from T killer cells in Type 4 Hypersensitivity

43
Q

ANA test(antiNuclear body test)

A

tests for autoantibodies.
Type 3 hypersensitivity
lupus

44
Q

Autoimmunity is caused by what

A

T cells overreacting and producing large amounts of antibodies against self.

NBDE 1 Random subjects (8 decks)

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