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1
Q

3 major components of acute inflammation

A

Vascular size change

Structural change(vasodilation)

Immigration of neutrophils

RUBOR(redness), CALOR(heat), DOLOR(pain), TUMOR(swelling)

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2
Q

cell types for chronic inflammation

A

macrophages, lymphocytes, plasma cells

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3
Q

granulomatous inflammation

A

inflammation with large collections of macrophages

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4
Q

4 types of necrosis

A

Coagulative- myocardial infarction

LiquiFactive- Fungal infection in Lungs

Caseous- TB

Fat necrosis

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5
Q

ACID

A

4 types of hypersensitivities

1: Anaphalactic
2: Cytotoxic
3. Immune-Mediated
4: Delayed

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6
Q

Anaphalactic hypersensitivity

Time:

Antibody type:

Example:

A

Type 1 hypersensitivity

5-30 minutes

Activates B-lymphocytes and IgE

Histamine release

food allergies

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7
Q

Cytotoxic hypersensitivity

Antibody type:

Example:

A

Type 2

IgG, IgM (grandMa)

GrandMa shoot at the enemy but cause destruction around it

Erythroblastoma fetalis, Rheumatic (heart valve) fever

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8
Q

Immune-complex-mediated hypersensitivity

A

Type 3

Mediated by antigen antibody complexes

Attacks neutrophils leading to lysosomal damage.

Systemic lupus erythematosus or penicillin reaction

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9
Q

Delayed/cell mediated hypersensitivity

A

Type 4

T lymphocytes encounter antigen, release leukokinin, leading to macrophage activation

TB skin test, contact dermatitis, corneal transplant rejection

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10
Q

systemic lupus erythematosus(SLE)

A

Femal 10:1 male

Malar rash

Antinuclear antibodies (ANA)

Joint pain

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11
Q

Rheumatoid arthritis

A

worse in morning

women

40-50 y/o

positive RF test

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12
Q

Sjogren’s syndrome

A

Effects exocrine cells

Dry mouth, dry eyes, arthritis

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13
Q

Temporal arteritis

A

Giant cell arteritis

55 Y/o+

scalp tenderness and jaw claudication.

Pt will often have polymyalgia rheumatica(stiff painful muscles)

C reactive proteins

Temporal biopsy

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14
Q

Wegners granulomatosis

A

systemic vasculitis involving upper res[iratory, lungs, and kidneys

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15
Q

Scleroderma

A

Disorder causing inflammation and vascular changes of skin and internal organs

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16
Q

Erythema Multiforme

A

Bullseye lesions

HSV

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17
Q

Pemphigus Vulgaris

A

Vulgar blistering of skin caused by IgG against desmosomes.

Nikolski test(pop blister)

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18
Q

Bullous Pemphigoid

A

Blistering disease caused by autoimmune response to hemidesmosomes

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19
Q

Oral lichen planus

A

No plan for cure

chronic inflammatory disorder

Wickhams striae-white papule/striations

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20
Q

RNA virus that uses reverse transcriptase to make viral DNA

A

HIV

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21
Q

Elisa test and western blot are used to confirm

A

HIV/AIDS

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22
Q

Lesion has a stuck on appearence. Tan colored

A

Seborrheic keratosis

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23
Q

Isolated dome shaped nodules on the face that mimic squamous cell carcinoma

A

keratoacanthoma

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24
Q

Slow growing squamous epithelial tumors(viral warts) caused by HPV. Can have skin tag appearance.

A

Papillomas

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25
Yellow elevated plaque like lesions on the medial portion of the eyelid
xanthelasma
26
Chronic infectious skin condition caused by pox virus. If multiple nidules are present ,HIV may be present
Molluscum Contagiousm
27
Honey colored crusted lesions caiused by gram + infection
impetigo
28
Malignant melanoma
Most common cancer of young women Depth is best prognostic indicator ABCDE: asymetry, border iregularity, color differences, diameter and enlarging.
29
Basal cell carcinoma
Malignancy in babsal cell layer. Shiny, firm nodule. Treat with biopsy or 5-FU
30
SCC
Malignancy in squamous layer. Can arise from non-cancerous lesion actinic keratosis
31
most common cause of primary amenorrhea
No menstraul cycle Turners syndrome(Xo)
32
Hyperpigmentation of the lips, vermilian boarder, and buccal mucosa is a good indication for
Peutz-Jeghers Syndrome A monogenic disorder
33
Cafe au lait spots, neurofibromas, and Lisch nodules
34
pt has osteomas in the jaw and has also had a colonectomy.
FAP Familial Adenomatous Polyposis
35
Sickle cell anemia, Phenylketonuria, and Tay-sachs disease are all examples of
autosomal recessive diseases
36
Fabrys' disease
X linked abnormal lipid deposition on blood vessels. Excrutiating pains in extremeties and abdomen. often in young males
37
Duchenne's muscular dystrophy
X linked deletion of gene encoding dystrophin
38
Hemophilia A
X linked Deficiency in cofactor VIII
39
anemia caused by autoantibodies attacking parietal cells of the stomach.
Parietal cells produce intrinsic factor which is needed for absorption of **B12**. Pernicious anemia
40
red blood cell cancer
Multiple Myeloma Malignancy of platelet in bone marrow causing extensive bone destruction, unexplained anemia, hypercalcemia, acute renal failure
41
Reed sternberg cells are associated with
found in Hodgkins lymphoma 40% of lymphomas. Ages 15-30 or 50+ 50% association with EBV/Mono
42
Lymphomas
Hodgkins and non hodgkins Hodgkins- Reed Cells, 40%, associated with EBV/mono Non-Hodgkins- enlarged neck or stomach lymphnodes, T/Bcell types
43
two types of acute Luekemias
leukimia- blast cells in bone marrow AML-Acute myloblastic Lukemia- Excessive myeloblasts and **Auer Rods** **A**LL- Acute lymphoblastic leukemia- Excessive lymphoblasts, 75% treatment
44
Philadelphia chromosomes associated with
C me Later in Philly CML- Chronic Myelocytic Leukimia
45
Chronic leukimias
CML-Myelocytic, 3 year survival, older pts., huge WBC count, Phili chromosomes CLL- Lymphocytic younger pts, 5-10 year survival,
46
Leukopenia
Decreased WBC
47
Leukocytosis
Increased WBC Usually response to infection, surgery , stress, pregnancy
48
Neutrophilia
Increased neutrophils. Usually results from: stress, exercise, pain, fear, pathologic infections.
49
Pancytopenia
decreased in the number of RBC, WBCs, and platelets
50
Thrombus vs embolus
THromus stays where it formed, embolus moves
51
FAT BAT
Embolism causes Fat EMboli Air Embolism THrombus Bacteria Amniotic Fluid Tumor
52
MOst common primary malignant brain tumor?
Glioblastoma Multiforme
53
Most common brain cancer in adults
is from metastisis of lungs, breast, or prostate
54
most common benign brain tumor
Meningioma
55
disease from inflammation and demyelination of peripheral nerves and motor fibers leading to weakness with fine motor movement
Guillian-barre syndrome GBS
56
Multiple sclerosis disease is caused by
recurrent inflammation of the CNS leading to demylenation
57
dificiency of dapamine disease
parkinson
58
classic symptoms of parkinsons (TRAP)
Tremors at rest Rigidity, Akinesia, Postural insability
59
Epidural vs subdural hematoma
Epidural is caused by middle meningeal leaking between skull and dura Subdural happens between the dura and arachnoid space
60
61
chronic adrenocortical deficiency
addisons disease.
62
Phenochromocytoma
tumor secreting excess amounts of (nor)epinephrine.
63
most common bacterial STD viral?
Bacterial-chlamydia Viral- HPV
64
Treponema pallidum
causes Syphilis.
65
barrett's esophagus
metaplasia of squamous cells to columnar in esophagus. can lead to adenocarcinoma
66
Chich hepatitus' come from the bowels
A&E
67
Which hepatitus' are spread via fluids(not saliva)
Hep B,C,D
68
Hepatitus that causes chronic hepatitus and cancer
Hep C
69
Cholecystitis
Inflammation of gallbladder secondary to obstruction or infection. Fat fertile females over 40 Pain in right upper quadrant using Murphys test
70
labs for this disease show increased amylase and lipase in serum
Acute pancreatitis. Pain radiating around umbilicus and could be to back if chronic. Mostly due to chronic alcohol abuse or gallstones
71
otitis media
pai in ear caused by bacterial infections from strep pneumoniae and H. influenza
72
Benign mixed tumor(pleomorphic adenoma) -salivary
most common salivary neoplasm Most common in parotid Could be in upper lip, buccal mucosa, or posterior palate
73
Mucoepidermoid Carcinoma (salivary)
Most common salivary malignancy
74
Papillary Cystadenoma Lymphomatosum(Warthin's Tumor) (salivary)
Bilateral but masses may not be visible simultaneously benign generally parotid associated with cigarette smoking
75
Emphysema
Type of COPD Pink puffers Enlarged air spaces and decreased alveolar recoil shortness of breath, decreased breath sounds, tachycardia
76
Chronic bronchitis
Type of COPD Blue Bloaters hypertrophy of mucous cells in lungs Cyanosis of figners/toes and wheezing/crackling
77
3 types of malignant cancers
metastatic- moving carcinomas- from epithelium sarcomas- from mesenchyme(connective tissue)
78

NBDE 1 Random subjects (8 decks)

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