Random Ortho stuff Flashcards
Describing Lumps and Bumps
- Site
- Size
- Overlying skin change
- Borders of the lump
- Consistency
- Attachment to skin or muscle
- Transilluminates?
- Slip sign
Describing Wounds
- Site
- Size
- Edges
- Roof/base of the wound
- Surrounding skin changes
Describing X-Rays
- View + Location
- Patient details(name,age,gender)
- Skeletally mature or not
- A for adequacy eg if all necessary vertebrae are visible
A for alignment - B for bone
- C for cartilage
- S for soft tissue
What to look out for on bone scans
Dark spots: Hot areas which denotes increased blood flow,usually a pathology
Risk factors for Avascular Necrosis
- Steroid use
- alcohol consumption
- Bisphosphonate use
- Smoking
- Thrombophilia?
- Sickle cell anemia
- Deep sea diving
Bisphosphonate use and moa+ ADR
To reduce risk of fragility fractures due to osteoporosis. bisphosphonates inhibit osteoclastic bone resorption. This causes old bone to be preserved that may be poorly perfused and result in osteonecrosis
What are osteopenia and osteoporosis
They are a continuum(osteoporosis is more severe) of decreased bone mass/density and disrupted bone microarchitecture
Risk factors for osteoporosis
- Increased age
- Menopause
- Metabolic abnormalities
- DM type 1
What is a Fragility fracture
A fracture resulting from mechanical forces that would not ordinarily cause a fracture(low energy trauma)
Definition of oligoarthritis
Joint involvement of 2-4
Classification for spondolisthesis
Meyerding
Classification for ankle fx
Weber
Classification for ankle fractures
Webers
Classification of hip fractures
Gardens
Rules of 2 for ortho radiology
2 views
2 other joints
2 limbs
2 points of time
