Random facts - Pediatrics Flashcards
- What virus a Croup is caused by?
- What ages at the peak incidence of Croup occurs?
- Parainfluenza
- peak incidence at 6 months - 3 years
Features/ symptoms of Croup
Features of Croup
- stridor
- barking cough (worse at night)
- fever
- coryzal symptoms
- General management of croup
- Emergency treatment if severe airway obstruction occurs
Management:
- single dose of oral dexamethasone to all children regardless of severity *prednisolone is an alternative if dexamethasone is not available
Emergency treatment
- high-flow oxygen
- nebulised adrenaline
- What’s the infection?
A 3-year-old girl with a two day history of fever and malaise. Developed a pink maculopapular rash initially on the face before spreading. Suboccipital lymph nodes are also noted
- Management
Rubella
Management:
-no effective antiviral treatment for rubella
- treatment of symptoms includes plenty of fluids and pain relief if required
- Paracetamol may be used to reduce fever and pain
*DO NOT GIVE ASPIRIN to a child under 12 y old (Reye’s syndrome)
- What’s the infection?
A 4-year-old boy presents with fever and a sore throat. Examination reveals tonsillitis and a furred tongue with e_nlarged papillae_. There is a blanching punctate rash sparing the face
- What’s the management?
Scarlet Fever
Management
- oral penicillin V for 10 days
*patients who have a penicillin allergy should be given azithromycin
*children can return to school 24 hours after commencing antibiotics
*scarlet fever is a notifiable disease
- What’s this?
A 4-year-old boy presents with fever, malaise and a ‘slapped-cheek’ appearance
- Management
Parvovirus B19 / fifth disease, slapped cheek syndrome/ erythema infectiosum
Management:
- no treatment that targets the virus directly
- paracetamol/ibuprofen to relieve fever
- IV immunoglobulins IVIG
- treat aplastic crisis (if needed) with packed RBCs
*child is no longer infectious when the rash appears
What are the classical symptoms of epiglottitis?
What organism is it caused by?
Epiglottitis:
- rapid onset
- fever, generally unwell
- inspiratory stridor
- drooling of saliva
Causative organism: Haemophilus Influenzae B
What’s Palivizumab used for?
- class of medication
Palivizumab is a monoclonal antibody which is used to prevent respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) in children who are at increased risk of severe disease.
Increased risk: premature birth, lung or heart abnormalities, immunocompromised infant
What disease is it:
High grade fever that resolved before the onset of the rash (starting on torso and spreading to limbs)
Roseola Infantum
What disease is it:
- rash occurs alongside other systemic symptoms
- typically starts on the face before spreading to other parts of the body
- ‘koplikspots’ are classical of this illness
Measles
What disease is this:
- typically starts as an itchy red papular rash which becomes vesicular in nature
- occur on any part of the body
Chicken Pox
What disease is it?
sore vesicular lesions on the palms, soles and buccal mucosa
Coxsackie A6 virus is responsible or hand foot and mouth disease
What antibiotics for:
- pneumonia 1st line
- pneumonia 2nd line
- mycoplasma or chlamydia
- pneumonia associated with influenza
- Amoxicillin is first-line for all children with pneumonia
- Macrolides may be added if there is no response to first line therapy
- Macrolides should be used if mycoplasma or chlamydia is suspected
- In pneumonia associated with influenza, co-amoxiclav is recommended
features of congenital syphilis
Maternal syphilis infection:
- Rhinitis, saddle shaped nose, deafness (sensorineural hearing loss) and Hutchinson’s incisors
- Hepatosplenomegaly, lymphadenopathy, anaemia, jaundice
