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Anatomy 3402 - 2nd Half > Random facts > Flashcards

Random facts Flashcards

1
Q

of ankle joints on medial side

A

4
ant. and post. tibiotalar
tibionavicular
tibiocalcaneal

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2
Q

medial ligament that doesnt cross ankle joint

A

planter calcaneonavicular

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3
Q

most commonly sprained ankle ligament

- how

A

anterior talofibular

- inversion and planter flexion

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4
Q

why lateral ankle sprain causes bruising on both sides

A

inversion and planter flexion crushes medial ligaments and blood supply

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5
Q

ligaments that exist on all metatarsophalangeal and interphalangeal joints

A

colleateral ligaments

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6
Q

ligaments that cause webbing of toes

A

deep transverse metatarsal ligaments

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7
Q

ligament/tendon vs fascia

A

fascia

  • disorganized tissue
  • strong in multiple directions
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8
Q

Circular like ligaments that contain long muscles of toes

A

plantar ligaments

  • keep tendons in place
  • flexor pully system
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9
Q

arches of the foot created by

A

connective tissue on base of the foot

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10
Q

sciatic nerve origin

A

L4-S3

- tibial and common fibular parts

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11
Q

saphenous nerve origin

A

femoral nerve (L2-4)

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12
Q

saphenous innervation

A

skin on medial side of foot and leg

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13
Q

anterior leg innervation

A

deep fibular nerve

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14
Q

“fibularis” muscles formally called

A

peroneal muscles (longus/brevis)

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15
Q

tendons which wrap around lateral malleolus

A

fibularis brevis and longus

  • brevis most anterior
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16
Q

lateral leg muscles innervation

A

superficial fibular nerve

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17
Q

leg muscles that cross knee joint

A

poplitius
plantaris
gastrocnemius

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18
Q

muscles that insert on achillies

A

gastrocnemius
soleus
plantaris

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19
Q

posterior leg muscle innervation

A

tibial nerve

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20
Q

leg muscle with no known action

A

plantaris

- very small with long tendon

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21
Q

structures around medial malleolus

- anterior to posterior

A 
tibialis posterior
flexor digitorum longus
posterior tibial artery
tibial nerve
flexor hallucis longus
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22
Q

muscles on top of foot

- innervation

A

extensor digitorum brevis
- deep fibular nerve

dorsal interossei

  • lateral planter nerve (branch of tibial)
  • 1 and 2 also deep fibular nerve
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23
Q

fascia on bottom of the foot

A
  • plantar aponeurosis (middle)

- lateral and medial plantar fascia

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24
Q

supports the arch on the base of foot

A

plantar aponeurosis

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25
Q

innervated by medial plantar nerve

A

flexor digitorum brevis
flexor hallicus brevis
abductor hallicus
1st lumbrical

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26
Q

innervated by lateral plantar nerve

A 
abductor digiti minimi
quadratus plantae
2nd to 4th lumbricals
flexor digiti minimi
adductor hallicus
plantar interossei
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27
Q

major veins in leg and foot

A

great saphenous vein
small saphenous vein

  • connected by dorsal venous arch
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28
Q

sciatic nerve path

A

leaves pelvic cavity through greater sciatic foramen
inferior to piriformis
travels down posterior thigh
bifurcates mid way before popliteal fossa

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29
Q

of bones in skull

A

22

  • 44 at birth, then fuse
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30
Q

soft spot on babies

  • how many
  • time it takes to disappear
A

frontenelles

  • 6 major
  • back 2 months
  • largest on anterior side 18months
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31
Q

part of skull that articulates with atlas

A

occipital condyles

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32
Q

main reason for frontenelles (soft spots)

A

bones move to fit through birth canal

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33
Q

structure of cribiform plate

A

many small openings for small nerves

34
Q

2 processes of mandible

- which is part of tmj

A

coronoid process (ant.)

condylar process (tmj)

35
Q

tmj

A

temporomandibular joint

36
Q

only bone in skull that moves

A

mandible

37
Q

part of brain thats also considered the spinal chord

A

medulla omblungatta

38
Q

passes through foramen magnum

A

spinal cord

vertebral arteries

39
Q

bone with no articulations with other bones

A

hyoid

40
Q

greater and lesser horns of hyoid attachment

A

greater - larynx

lesser - stylohyoid ligament

41
Q

region that links larynx, trachea and esophagus

A

pharynx

- behind nasal and oral cavaties

42
Q

3 major catilages of larynx

A

epiglottis
thyroid cartilage
cricoid cartilage

43
Q

2 main functions of larynx cartilages

A 
close lower respiratory tract
sound production (vocal cord - vocal folds)
44
Q

how many minor cartilages of larynx

A

6

3 per side

45
Q

larynx vertebral location

A

C3 - C6

46
Q

trachea vertebral location

A

C6 - T5

47
Q

muscles that close epilgotis

A

suprahyoid muscle

- pulls laryxn and hyoid up and back

48
Q

actions involved in swallowing

A

raise and pull back laryxn

tongue contracts and pushes back

49
Q

adams apple is what structure

A

thyroid cartilage

50
Q

adams apple difference male and female

A

males

  • 120 degrees
  • larger
  • deepens voice

female
- 90degree

51
Q

why are larynx ligaments unique

A

attach cartilage to cartilage instead of bone to bone

52
Q

3 areas of esophogeal contriction

A
  1. esophageal opening
  2. where aorta and left main bronchus cross
  3. where it passes through diaphragm
53
Q

seperating anterior and posterior triangle

A

sternocleidomastoid

54
Q

muscle floor of post triangle

A

levator scapluae
splenius capitus
scalene muscles

55
Q

brachial plexus travels between what muscles

- what else

A

anterior and middle scalene
- floor of posterior triangle

also:
dorsal scapular, suprascapular and long thoracic nerves
subclavian artery (deep to ant. sclane)
subclavian vein (sup. to ant. scalene)
56
Q

spindle density relative to body (1984 study)

A

higher spindle density superior part of body
- head and neck

declines inferiorly

57
Q

ipsilateral vs contralateral rotation

A

ispi = rotate towards same side

contra = opposite side

58
Q

cervicogenic headache muscles involved

A

rectus cappitus
oblique capitus
- all innervated by C1 and C2 branches

59
Q

innervation of all pharyngeal muscles?

- 1 acception

A

vagus nerve

stylopharygeus
- glossopharyngeal nerve

60
Q

of internal muscles of larynx

  • role
  • innervation
A

7 internal muscles

  • vagus nerve
  • tension to vocal cords, control pitch and tone of voice
61
Q

myodural bridge

A

connective tissue between capittus muscles and dura mater of spinal cord

  • only muscle attachment to spinal cord
  • stabilizes cord to prevent folding during neck movement
62
Q

connection between left and right brain

A

corpus collusum

63
Q

neuron percentage in cerebellum

A

80%

64
Q

approximate # of total neuron

A

80-100billion

65
Q

effects of alzheimers

A

brain degeneration

- mostly in gyri and sulci

66
Q

cerebellum mostly made of

A

grey matter (neurons)

67
Q

purpose of circle of willis

A

protective mechanism

- blockage will cause limited damage

68
Q

where to check pulse in neck

A

int. and ext. carotid artery

- not vein

69
Q

Prolonged post concussion syndrome caused by? (ex. sidney crosby)

A

impinged blood supply of vertebral arteries to brain

  • soft tissue neck injury
  • herneated disk C1-C6
70
Q

where is CSF made

A

ventricles (4)

  • 2 lateral
  • 3rd and 4th ventrical
71
Q

physical features of scientist with autism

A

larger ventricles

  • increased size limited neurons on left side of brain
  • thought to cause lack of social skills
  • does not explain improved abilities
72
Q

5 nasal cavity cartilages

A

1 septal
2 alar
2 lateral

73
Q

innervation of intrinsic and extrinsic tongue muscles

- exception

A

hypoglossal nerve

4th extrinsic
- vagus nerve

74
Q

fibril cartilage vs articular

A

stronger
padding
reduced wear and tear
not as good for sliding

75
Q

Sinuses purpose and function

- innervation

A

air filled cavities

  • lined with mucosa (secrete mucus)
  • innervated by branches of trigeminal nerves
76
Q

why are lips red

A

thin skin covering capillary beds

77
Q

only bone in skull that moves

A

mandible

78
Q 
# of muscles for fascial expression
- innervation
A

approximately 20

- all by fascial nerve

79
Q

eye twitch cause

A

physical response to stress

- firing of alpha motor neuron

80
Q

gives eye its shape

A 
vitreous chamber (anterior and posterior)
- viscous fluid

Anatomy 3402 - 2nd Half (11 decks)

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