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Anatomy 3402 - 2nd Half > Random facts > Flashcards

Random facts Flashcards

1
Q

of ankle joints on medial side

A

4
ant. and post. tibiotalar
tibionavicular
tibiocalcaneal

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2
Q

medial ligament that doesnt cross ankle joint

A

planter calcaneonavicular

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3
Q

most commonly sprained ankle ligament

- how

A

anterior talofibular

- inversion and planter flexion

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4
Q

why lateral ankle sprain causes bruising on both sides

A

inversion and planter flexion crushes medial ligaments and blood supply

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5
Q

ligaments that exist on all metatarsophalangeal and interphalangeal joints

A

colleateral ligaments

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6
Q

ligaments that cause webbing of toes

A

deep transverse metatarsal ligaments

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7
Q

ligament/tendon vs fascia

A

fascia

  • disorganized tissue
  • strong in multiple directions
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8
Q

Circular like ligaments that contain long muscles of toes

A

plantar ligaments

  • keep tendons in place
  • flexor pully system
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9
Q

arches of the foot created by

A

connective tissue on base of the foot

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10
Q

sciatic nerve origin

A

L4-S3

- tibial and common fibular parts

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11
Q

saphenous nerve origin

A

femoral nerve (L2-4)

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12
Q

saphenous innervation

A

skin on medial side of foot and leg

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13
Q

anterior leg innervation

A

deep fibular nerve

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14
Q

“fibularis” muscles formally called

A

peroneal muscles (longus/brevis)

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15
Q

tendons which wrap around lateral malleolus

A

fibularis brevis and longus

  • brevis most anterior
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16
Q

lateral leg muscles innervation

A

superficial fibular nerve

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17
Q

leg muscles that cross knee joint

A

poplitius
plantaris
gastrocnemius

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18
Q

muscles that insert on achillies

A

gastrocnemius
soleus
plantaris

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19
Q

posterior leg muscle innervation

A

tibial nerve

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20
Q

leg muscle with no known action

A

plantaris

- very small with long tendon

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21
Q

structures around medial malleolus

- anterior to posterior

A 
tibialis posterior
flexor digitorum longus
posterior tibial artery
tibial nerve
flexor hallucis longus
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22
Q

muscles on top of foot

- innervation

A

extensor digitorum brevis
- deep fibular nerve

dorsal interossei

  • lateral planter nerve (branch of tibial)
  • 1 and 2 also deep fibular nerve
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23
Q

fascia on bottom of the foot

A
  • plantar aponeurosis (middle)

- lateral and medial plantar fascia

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24
Q

supports the arch on the base of foot

A

plantar aponeurosis

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25
innervated by medial plantar nerve
flexor digitorum brevis flexor hallicus brevis abductor hallicus 1st lumbrical
26
innervated by lateral plantar nerve
``` abductor digiti minimi quadratus plantae 2nd to 4th lumbricals flexor digiti minimi adductor hallicus plantar interossei ```
27
major veins in leg and foot
great saphenous vein small saphenous vein - connected by dorsal venous arch
28
sciatic nerve path
leaves pelvic cavity through greater sciatic foramen inferior to piriformis travels down posterior thigh bifurcates mid way before popliteal fossa
29
of bones in skull
22 - 44 at birth, then fuse
30
soft spot on babies - how many - time it takes to disappear
frontenelles - 6 major - back 2 months - largest on anterior side 18months
31
part of skull that articulates with atlas
occipital condyles
32
main reason for frontenelles (soft spots)
bones move to fit through birth canal
33
structure of cribiform plate
many small openings for small nerves
34
2 processes of mandible | - which is part of tmj
coronoid process (ant.) condylar process (tmj)
35
tmj
temporomandibular joint
36
only bone in skull that moves
mandible
37
part of brain thats also considered the spinal chord
medulla omblungatta
38
passes through foramen magnum
spinal cord | vertebral arteries
39
bone with no articulations with other bones
hyoid
40
greater and lesser horns of hyoid attachment
greater - larynx | lesser - stylohyoid ligament
41
region that links larynx, trachea and esophagus
pharynx | - behind nasal and oral cavaties
42
3 major catilages of larynx
epiglottis thyroid cartilage cricoid cartilage
43
2 main functions of larynx cartilages
``` close lower respiratory tract sound production (vocal cord - vocal folds) ```
44
how many minor cartilages of larynx
6 | 3 per side
45
larynx vertebral location
C3 - C6
46
trachea vertebral location
C6 - T5
47
muscles that close epilgotis
suprahyoid muscle | - pulls laryxn and hyoid up and back
48
actions involved in swallowing
raise and pull back laryxn | tongue contracts and pushes back
49
adams apple is what structure
thyroid cartilage
50
adams apple difference male and female
males - 120 degrees - larger - deepens voice female - 90degree
51
why are larynx ligaments unique
attach cartilage to cartilage instead of bone to bone
52
3 areas of esophogeal contriction
1. esophageal opening 2. where aorta and left main bronchus cross 3. where it passes through diaphragm
53
seperating anterior and posterior triangle
sternocleidomastoid
54
muscle floor of post triangle
levator scapluae splenius capitus scalene muscles
55
brachial plexus travels between what muscles | - what else
anterior and middle scalene - floor of posterior triangle ``` also: dorsal scapular, suprascapular and long thoracic nerves subclavian artery (deep to ant. sclane) subclavian vein (sup. to ant. scalene) ```
56
spindle density relative to body (1984 study)
higher spindle density superior part of body - head and neck declines inferiorly
57
ipsilateral vs contralateral rotation
ispi = rotate towards same side contra = opposite side
58
cervicogenic headache muscles involved
rectus cappitus oblique capitus - all innervated by C1 and C2 branches
59
innervation of all pharyngeal muscles? | - 1 acception
vagus nerve stylopharygeus - glossopharyngeal nerve
60
of internal muscles of larynx - role - innervation
7 internal muscles - vagus nerve - tension to vocal cords, control pitch and tone of voice
61
myodural bridge
connective tissue between capittus muscles and dura mater of spinal cord - only muscle attachment to spinal cord - stabilizes cord to prevent folding during neck movement
62
connection between left and right brain
corpus collusum
63
neuron percentage in cerebellum
80%
64
approximate # of total neuron
80-100billion
65
effects of alzheimers
brain degeneration | - mostly in gyri and sulci
66
cerebellum mostly made of
grey matter (neurons)
67
purpose of circle of willis
protective mechanism | - blockage will cause limited damage
68
where to check pulse in neck
int. and ext. carotid artery | - not vein
69
Prolonged post concussion syndrome caused by? (ex. sidney crosby)
impinged blood supply of vertebral arteries to brain - soft tissue neck injury - herneated disk C1-C6
70
where is CSF made
ventricles (4) - 2 lateral - 3rd and 4th ventrical
71
physical features of scientist with autism
larger ventricles - increased size limited neurons on left side of brain - thought to cause lack of social skills * does not explain improved abilities
72
5 nasal cavity cartilages
1 septal 2 alar 2 lateral
73
innervation of intrinsic and extrinsic tongue muscles | - exception
hypoglossal nerve 4th extrinsic - vagus nerve
74
fibril cartilage vs articular
stronger padding reduced wear and tear not as good for sliding
75
Sinuses purpose and function | - innervation
air filled cavities - lined with mucosa (secrete mucus) - innervated by branches of trigeminal nerves
76
why are lips red
thin skin covering capillary beds
77
only bone in skull that moves
mandible
78
``` # of muscles for fascial expression - innervation ```
approximately 20 | - all by fascial nerve
79
eye twitch cause
physical response to stress | - firing of alpha motor neuron
80
gives eye its shape
``` vitreous chamber (anterior and posterior) - viscous fluid ```

Anatomy 3402 - 2nd Half (11 decks)

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