3. neck muscles

Question 1

Sternocleidomastoid origin and insertion

Answer 1

or.

• upper manubrium
• medial 1/3 of clavicle

in.

• mastoid process
• superior nuchal line

Question 2

sternocleidomastoid action

Answer 2

neck

• lateral bend
• contralateral twist
• pull head forward

Question 3

sternocleidomastoid innervation

Answer 3

accessory nerve and branches from C2 and C3

Question 4

anterior triangle anterior and posterior boundries?

Answer 4

anterior
- median line of the neck

posterior
- anterior border of sternocleidomastoid

Question 5

anterior triangle superior border and apex

Answer 5

superior
- inferior border of mandible

inferior
- at the jugular notch in the manubrium of the sternum

Question 6

anterior triangle roof and floor

Answer 6

roof
- subcutaneous tissue containing platysma

floor
- pharynx, larynx, and thyroid gland

Question 7

of hyoid muscles

Answer 7

4 supra and 4 infra

Question 8

suprahyoid muscles action

Answer 8

hyoid and larynx up and back

• important in closing the epiglottis and swallowing
• minor movement of mandible

Question 9

infrahyoid muscles action

Answer 9

hyoid and larynx down and forward

opposite to suprahyroid

Question 10

trunks of brachial plexus cross what region?

- other nerves in this area?

Answer 10

base of the posterior triangle

also with:

• dorsal scapular nerve
• scapular nerve
• long thoracic nerve

Question 11

conclusion of 1981 spindle density study?

Answer 11

spindle density of muscles are highest from top to bottom

head > neck > thumb > big toe > ankle ….

Question 12

posterior neck muscles

superficial to deep

Answer 12

trapezius

splenius capitus
splenius cervicus

oblique capittor sup. and inf.
longissimus capitus
semispinallis cervicus 
rotatores
multifidus

Question 13

splenius muscles origin and insertion

Answer 13

or.

• nuchal ligament
• spinous processes C7- T4

in. 
splenius cervicus 
- transverse process C1-4
splenius capitus 
- mastoid process 
- lateral portion of superior nuchal line

Question 14

splenius muscles action

Answer 14

head and neck

• extension
• lateral bend
• ipsi-lateral twist (to side of muscle)

Question 15

splenius muscle innervation

Answer 15

posterior roots of cervical spinal nerves

Question 16

semispinalis capitus origin and insertion

Answer 16

or.
- transverse processes of C4 - T5

in.
- superior nuchal line

Question 17

semispinalis capitus action

Answer 17

neck and head

• extension (main)
• ipsilateral twist (same side, only some)

Question 18

semispinalis capitus innervation

Answer 18

posterior roots of cervical spinal nerves

Question 19

why do neck and head muscles have high spindle fibres

Answer 19

big role in proprioception

Question 20

deep anterior neck muscles

Answer 20

scalenes (ant. mid. post.)
longus colli
longus capitis

Question 21

scalenes origin

Answer 21

ant.
- transverse processes C3-C6
mid.
- transverse processes C2-C7
post.
- transverse processes C4-C6

Question 22

scalenes instertion

Answer 22

ant. and middle
- upper surface of rib 1

post.
- upper surface of rib 2

Question 23

scalenes action

Answer 23

ant. and middle
- elevation of rib 1
- neck lateral bend

post.

• elevation of rib 2
• neck lateral bend

Question 24

longus colli origin and insertion

Answer 24

or.
- fibres range from vertebral bodies of T3 to transverse processes of C3

in.
- fibres range from anterior body of C1 (atlas) to transverse process and vertebral bodies and vertebral body of C6

Question 25

longus colli action

Answer 25

neck

• flexion
• lateral bend

Question 26

longus colli innervation

Answer 26

C2-C6

Question 27

“capitis” meaning

Answer 27

attaches to head

Question 28

longus capitis origin and insertion

Answer 28

or.
- transverse processes of C3-C6

in.
- inferior surface of occipital bone, anterior to foramen magnum

Question 29

longus capitis action

Answer 29

head flexion

Question 30

longus capitis innervation

Answer 30

C1-C3

Question 31

head flexion vs neck flexion

Answer 31

head
- move chin down wrt axis
chin
- flex cervical vertebrae

Question 32

rectus capitus origin and insertion

Answer 32

or.
- atlas and axis

in.
- inferior surface of occipital bone

Question 33

rectus capitis innervation

Answer 33

by branches of C1 and C2

Question 34

platysma location

Answer 34

• embedded in superficial fascia across neck

- blends into muscle of the lower face

Question 35

constrictor matrix

Answer 35

superior, middle, inferior constrictors

Question 36

cervicogenic headache associated with

Answer 36

rectus capitis muscles (oblique capitis sup/inf)

- from cervical vert. of these muscles

Question 37

pharyngeal muscles? midline?

Answer 37

salpingopharyngeus
palatopharyngeus
stylopharyngeus

• pharyngeal raphe

Question 38

constrictor muscles anterior attachments

Answer 38

sup.
- mandible region
mid.
- hyoid bone
inf. 
- thyroid cartilage and cricoid cartilage

Question 39

constrictor muscles posterior attachments

Answer 39

pharyngeal raphe

Question 40

constrictor muscles action

Answer 40

constrict pharynx

Question 41

constrictor muscle innervation

Answer 41

vagus nerve

Question 42

pharyngeal muscles origin and insertion

Answer 42

pharynx to pharyngeal wall

Question 43

pharyngeal muscles action

Answer 43

elevate the pharynx

Question 44

pharyngeal muscles innervation

Answer 44

stylopharyngeus
- glossopharygeal nerve

salpingopharyngeus and palatopharyngeus
- vagus nerve