Random exam questions 11/12 Flashcards
A drug that binds to a different site to the agonist and which reduces the maximal response produced by an agonist is termed a
non-competitive antagonist
Pharmacokinetics is the study of the
absorption and metabolism of drugs
The drug Princolol has a pD2 of 12, while Smallicin has a pD2 of 9, what does this tell you?
Princolol is 1000-fold more potent than Smallicin
Comparing two agonist drugs which act at the same receptor, the drug with the larger EC50 value is
less potent
The major aim of lipid lowering drugs is to reduce the plasma concentration of this class of lipids:
LDLs
Aspirin, at low doses, exerts its primary therapeutic action through inhibition of the enzyme
cyclo-oxygenase 1
A protein (Protein X) is identified that possesses GTPase activity. It is able to interact directly with muscarinic acetylcholine receptors. Protein X will have the subunit structure…
αβγ
Neurones projecting from the spinal cord or brain stem to autonomic ganglia usually release:
Acetylcholine
Organic nitrates such as glyceryl trinitrate are useful in the treatment of:
angina pectoris
It acts by dilating capacitance vessels in the periphery, reducing after- and pre-load.
Spironolactone is often co-prescribed with loop diuretics. The purpose of the spironolactone is to avoid:
hypokalaemia
Theophylline is a…
an adenosine A1 receptor antagonist
Diltiazem and nicardipine are both…
inhibitors of ion-flux through L-type calcium channels
the principal receptor type that causes depolarisation of postgangiolonic parasympathetic neurones during “rest and digest” responses is
Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors
The anti-asthmatic effect of beclometasone is due to actions at:
intracellular hormone receptors
Enalapril is an inhibitor of, or antagonist at:
angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE)
Verapamil can be used for the treatment of cardiac dysrhythmias whereas nifedipine cannot be. This difference is because
verapamil binds selectively to active calcium channels but nifedipine does not
Unwanted effects of nicotinic acid include:
impaired glucose tolerance
Statement X: Glyceryl trinitrate is a pro-drug
Statement Y: Glyceryl trinitrate must be metabolized by the liver before it can act on the vascular system.
Statement X is true; statement Y is false
Statement X: Epoprostenol causes headache due to its vasodilator actions
Statement Y: Epoprostenol cannot be used for long-term prevention of thrombosis
Statement X is true; statement Y is true AND X is NOT the reason for Y
Statement X: Ezetimibe is better-tolerated by patients than colestyramine
Statement Y: Ezetimibe blocks uptake of bile acids but not triglycerides
Statement X is true; statement Y is false
Statement X: thiazide diuretics cause hypokalaemia
Statement Y: patients taking digoxin can experience adverse effects if they also take thiazide diuretics.
Statement X is true; statement Y is true AND X IS the reason for Y
Name a drug produced by plants (include name of plant) used to treat congestive heart failure
Digoxin
foxglove
True or false, digoxin has a narrow therapeutic window?
true
Digoxin is an inhibitor of what?
the sodium/potassium ATPase
A side effect of digoxin is
nausea and vomiting
Name a naturally occurring toxin that matches each of the descriptions below and state the organism from which it is derived:
(0.5 marks for toxin and 0.5 marks for the organism)
a) an enzyme that cleaves proteins involved in neurotransmitter release
b) a compact peptide toxin that blocks muscle nicotinic acetylcholine receptors. This toxin is NOT found in snakes.
c) a potent analgesic alkaloid that targets neuronal nicotinic receptors. This toxin is NOT found in plants.
a) botulinum toxin (botox also ok) (Clostridium botulinum); b) alpha conotoxin M1 (just alpha conotoxin acceptable, conotoxin is not), Conus magus (cone snail acceptable, other species have alpha conotoxins as well as C magus); c) epibatidine (Epipedobates tricolor – phantasmal frog)
