Asthma drugs

Question 1

Salbutamol, Terbutaline:

Answer 1

short-acting agonists at β2 adrenoceptors, causing bronchodilation. Given to relieve asthma attacks. Can cause tachycardia.

Question 2

Formoterol, Salmeterol:

Answer 2

long-acting agonists at β2 adrenoceptors. Given to prevent symptoms.

Question 3

Theophylline:

Answer 3

an alkylxanthine. Antagonist of adenosine receptors and a nonselective phosphodiesterase inhibitor (inhibits the enzymes responsible for the breakdown of cAMP)

Question 4

Ipratropium:

Answer 4

close structure to atropine, but is instead a quaternary amine. Has a permanent positive charge and cannot cross membranes. It is a relatively nonselective mAChR. Must be given by inhalation.

Question 5

Montelukast, Zafirlukast:

Answer 5

competitive antagonists at receptors for leukotrienes (CysLT receptors). Reduce smooth muscle contraction and mucus secretion. Can reduce exercise and aspirin induced asthma. Used to supplement other therapies.

Question 6

Glucocorticoids:

Answer 6

part of the corticosteroid hormone family. Used to suppress inflammation and immune responses in asthma. Act via nuclear hormone receptors.

Question 7

How can Omalizumab be used in allergic reactions

Answer 7

Once bound by omalizumab, IgE is rapidly removed from the circulation.