13/14 hardest paper in the world EVER booo

Question 1

A partial agonist will typically produce a:

Answer 1

rightward shift in the concentration response curve to a full agonist

Question 2

A drug that binds to the same site as an agonist but whose efficacy is less than that of a full agonist is termed a

Answer 2

competitve antagonist

Question 3

Pharmacodynamics is the study of the:

Answer 3

effects of drugs on the body

Question 4

The parallel rightward shift in an agonist concentration response curve produced in the presence of a competitive antagonist is predicted by:

Answer 4

the Gaddum equation

Question 5

In the guinea pig ileum the drug MHWG284 blocks contractions evoked by acetylcholine but does not compete with acetylcholine at muscarinic acetylcholine receptors. MHWG284 could be a(n):

Answer 5

high potency functional antagonist at muscarinic acetylcholine receptors

Question 6

Inhibitory glycine receptors are:

Answer 6

Pentameric (contain 5 subunits)

Question 7

Drug A produces a greater maximal response on the isolated guinea pig ileum than does drug B, but drug B produces its maximal response at a higher concentration than does drug A. Assuming that both drugs activate muscarinic acetylcholine receptors and bind according to the Law of Mass Action, drug A has a:

Answer 7

greater efficacy than drug B but drug B has a smaller pD2

Question 8

The hormone released by the adrenal medulla is:

Answer 8

adrenaline

Question 9

A “beta blocker” that is increasingly used to treat cardiac failure is

Answer 9

carvedilol

Question 10

In the heart, these adrenoceptors regulate the release of noradrenaline from sympathetic neurones:

Answer 10

α2

Question 11

Which of the following is a thiazide-like diuretic

Answer 11

chlortalidone

Question 12

The potentially fatal side effects of “β-blockers” when administered to patients with asthma, are due to actions at:

Answer 12

β2-adrenoceptors

Question 13

Select an orally active inhibitor of the clotting cascade:

Answer 13

warfarin

Question 14

Low molecular weight heparins bind directly to:

Answer 14

anti-thrombin III

Question 15

Drugs in class III of the Vaughan-Williams system for antidysrhythmic drugs act at

Answer 15

potassium channels

Question 16

A dysrhythmia that can be caused by drugs inhibiting IKR is

Answer 16

long QT syndrome

Question 17

Digoxin, at therapeutic doses, is a

Answer 17

positive inotrope and negative chronotrope
Inotropes affect the force of contraction: digoxin increases the contraction force and so is a positive inotrope. Chronotropes affect the heart rate: digoxin is a negative chronotrope and thus decreases the heart rate. As the inotropic effect outweighs the chronotropic effect, overall cardiac output increases and it is a useful therapy for heart failure.

Question 18

Select a drug with a narrow therapeutic window:

Answer 18

Theophylline

Question 19

Statement X: Activated eosinophils release major basic protein

Statement Y: Desquamation of the bronchial epithelium occurs in asthma

Answer 19

Statement X is true; statement Y is true AND X IS the reason for Y

Question 20

Statement X: In the bronchial tract, muscarinic receptors interact with Gs

Statement Y: Acetylcholine increases intracellular calcium concentrations in bronchial smooth muscle.

Answer 20

Statement X is false; statement Y is true