Random Anatomy- Exam 1 Flashcards
Landmark dermatomes
C2- posterior half of skull ‘cap’ C3- high turtle neck shirt C4- low collar shirt T4- nipple line T7- xiphoid process T10- umbilicus (belly-bu-TEN) L1- inguinal region L4- the kneecaps S2-4- erection & sensation of penile and anal area
Rule of 9’s
Ant & post head and neck = 9%
Ant & post upper limbs = 18%
Ant trunk = 18%
Post trunk = 18%
Perineum = 1%
Ant & post lower limbs = 36%
Epiphysis
End of long bone
Diaphysis
Shaft of bone
Epiphyseal plate
Growth plate
Gray ramus
Postganglionic sympathetic pathway
Distribute to ALL spinal nerves
Allow coordinated mass discharge (fight or flight)
White ramus
Preganglionic sympathetic pathway
All preganglionic fibers pass through white ramus
Distribute to spinal nerves T1-L2
Schwann cells
For myelin sheath that insulate neuron for high speed transmission of impulses
Destruction leads to MS
Important spinous processes
C7- level of acromion, most prominent cervical process
T7- inferior tip of scapula
L4- superior aspect of iliac crest (Tuffier’s line)
S2- posterior superior iliac spine
Most common rotator cuff injury?
Test?
Supraspinatous
Empty/full can test
Rotator cuff muscles
Supraspinatus
Infraspinatus
Teres minor
Subscapularis
Injury of spinal accessory nerve (CN XI)
Shoulder drop
Injury to thoracodorsal nerve
Can be injured during mastectomy
Paralysis of latissimus dorsi
Can’t climb
Injury of dorsal scapular nerve
Paralysis of rhomboids
Injury of Axillary nerve
Atrophy of deltoid
Associated with surgical neck fracture of humerus
Loss of sensation over deltoid
Unable to abduct arm after 15°
Axillary boundaries
Anterior wall- pectoralis major & minor
Posterior wall- scapula & subscapularis, latissimus dorsi, teres major
Medial wall- serratus anterior, rib cage
Lateral wall- humerus
Base- skin & subcutaneous tissue
Apex- Cervico-Axillary canal (passage way b/w Axillary & neck
Contents of Axilla
Axillary main actions/ axillary v. branches
Brachial plexus
Axillary lymph nodes
2nd most common postop peripheral neuropathy
Brachial plexus
Intercostobrachial Nerve
Can be blocked to reduce pain from tourniquet inflation during IV regional neural anesthesia
Erb-Duchenne palsy
Injury to superior trunk C5, C6 roots
- Excessive stretch of neck during delivery or excessive stretch in angle b/w neck & shoulder from fall
- Paralysis of muscle supplied by C5,C6 (axillary, musculocutaneous, Suprascapular)
- Limb hangs by side w/ addicted shoulder
- Medially rotates arm
- Forearm is pronated (due to paralysis of biceps)
- Waiters tip position (limb hand by side in medial rotation)
Klumpke paralysis
Injury to inferior trunk C8, T1
Occurs when upper limb is suddenly pulled superiorly
Ulnar nerve compression occurs b/w medial epicondyle & OR table during surgery > CLAW HAND
most common OR deformity
Damage to median nerve
Dues to excessive probing during venipuncture
Thenar atrophy
Loss of thumb opposition = APE HAND
Loss of sensation over anterior surface of 3.5 fingers
Distal lesion= carpal tunnel syndrome
Anatomical snuff box
Outer- tendon of APL and EPB
Inner- tendon of EPL
Colles fracture
Dinner for deformity if wrist after fall
Layers of Spinal Cord
Outer- Dura Mater
Middle- Arachnoid Mater
Inner- Pia Mater
Essential Clinical Anatomy
(To cut open)
The study of the structure and function of body parts and their relationship to one another
Physiology
(Relationship to nature)
The study of the function of the body’s structural machinery
Pathophysiology
The functional changes associated with or resulting from disease or injury
