Joints of Upper Limb

Question 1

Sternoclavicular

Answer 1

Bones: clavicle and sternum

Type: saddle but functions as ball-in-socket

Ligaments: anterior & posterior SC;
interclavicular; costoclavicular ligaments

SC ligaments stabilize joint while lifting heavy weight

Question 2

Acromioclavicular

Answer 2

Bones: acromion and clavicle

Type: plane synovial

Ligaments: acromioclavicular; coracoclavicular

Question 3

Glenohumeral

Answer 3

Bones: humeral head and glenoid cavity of scapula

Type: ball-and-socket like golf ball on tee

Ligaments: glenoid labrum rim; coracohumeral; glenohumeral; coracoclavicular (trapezoid and conoid parts) tendons of rotator cuff muscles, tendon of long head of bicep (super stabilizer)

Question 4

Elbow joint

Answer 4

Bones: trochlea and capitulum of humerus; trochlear notch of ulna (humero-ulnar) and superior part of head of radius (humero-radial)

Type: hinge type of synovial joint

Ligaments: collateral ligaments

1. Radial collateral ligament
2. Ulnar collateral ligament
3. Annular ligaments of radius

Question 5

Proximal radio-ulnar joint

Answer 5

Bones: head of radius; radial notch of ulna

Type: pivot

Joint capsule: enclosed joint and continuous with elbow joint capsule

Ligaments: 1. Annular ligaments of radius: attaches to anterior and posterior part of radial notch of ulna forming a ring
2. Extension of joint capsule-sacciform recess of the proximal RU joint

Question 6

Distal radio-ulnar joint

Answer 6

Bones: head of ulna; ulnar notch of radius

Type: pivot

Fibrocartilaginous articulated disk (triangular cartilage)
1. Main uniting structure 2. B/w medial edge of ulnar notch of radius & base of style of process of ulna

Ligaments: anterior & posterior ligaments

Question 7

Movement of proximal and distal RU joint

Answer 7

Supination & probation

A. Head of radius rotates

B. Supination

1. Supinator w/o resistance & biceps w/ resistance
2. Assistance from EPL & ECRL

C. Pronatoon
1. Pronator quadratus (primary) and pronator teres

Question 8

Wrist (radiocarpal)

Answer 8

Type: condyloid synovial

Bones: distal end of radius, scaphoid, lunate & triquetrum

Ligaments: ant post, ulnar collateral, radial collateral

Movements: flexion, extension, add, abd, circ

Blood supply: dorsal and palmer arches

Nerve supply: ant and post interosseous; deep branches of ulnar nerve

Question 9

Carpal (intercarpal)

Answer 9

1. Plane synovial type
2. Proximal & distal rows of carpals
3. Ligaments: ant, post, & interosseous
4. Movements: gliding
5. Blood supply: dorsal & palmar arches
6. Nerve supply: ant & post interosseous, deep branches of ulnar nerve

Question 10

Carpometacarpal & intercarpal

Answer 10

1. Plane synovial type EXCEPT carpometacarpal joint of thumb that is saddle type
2. Carpals & metacarpals(thumb joint is b/w trapezium & 1st metacarpal)
3. Ligaments: ant, post, and interosseous
4. Movement: 1st carpometacarpal (all movements) 2-3 (no movements); 4 (slight) 5 (freely mobile)
5. Blood supply: dorsal & palmar arches
6. Nerve supply: ant & post interosseous, deep branches of ulnar nerve supply

Question 11

Metacarpophalangeal joints

Answer 11

1. Condyloid synovial
2. Head of metacarpals & proximal phalanx
3. Ligaments: palmar, deep transverse metacarpal, collateral
4. Movements: flexion, extension, abduction, adduction
5. Blood supply: superficial palmar arch
6. Nerve supply: digital nerves from ulnar & median

Question 12

Interphalangeal

Answer 12

1. Hinge synovial
2. In b/w the phalanges
3. Ligaments: palmar, deep transverse metacarpal, collateral
4. Movements: flexion, extension
5. Blood supply: digital arteries
6. Nerve supply: digital nerves from ulnar & median