Random Flashcards
Individuals with inherited prothrombotic disorders often have their first thrombosis
during their teen years or early twenties
Activated Protein C resistance (Factor V Leiden) mutation
Missense mutation of Arginine 506 to Glutamine 506 (Arg-506-Gln)
Prothrombin gene mutation
G to A substitution of nucleotide 20210 in 3’ untranslated portion of the gene
anti-phospholipid Ab syndrome MOA
production of antibodies against proteins which interact with phospholipid within cell membranes such as the endothelium of the vasculature
causes activation of the endothelial lining and increases risk for thrombosis
same antibodies interact in vitro with the phospholipid used in coagulation screening tests such as the PTT. Despite a prolongation in the PTT, there is no clinical bleeding.
p-selectin
enhances activation of platelets and leukocytes which play a key role in the inflammatory process
mediates the adhesion of activated platelets to monocytes and neutrophils
Fever and sepsis most commonly develop after transfusion with
platelets are the most common source, as they are the only blood product stored at room temperature
sickle cell pt with hemolysis, avoid what in tx?
rbc transfusions, don’t want hyperhemolysis
Malignant transformation of immature progenitor cells within ____ gives rise to acute lymphocytic leukemia.
the bone marrow
Malignant transformation of B cells going through developmental stages within _____ gives rise to lymphomas.
lymph nodes
MCV in 60s
thalassemia until proven other wise
Two classes of cytotoxic chemotherapy drugs are associated with treatment-related AML
alkylating agents
topoisomerase II inhibitors
Alkylator-associated AML
deletions of chromosome 5/5q or 7/7q
topo II inhibitor-associated AML
balanced translocations involving the MLL gene at 11q23
good prognostics AML
t(8;21) and t(15;17)
CBF
poor prognostics AML
MLL (11q23) - topo II related
5/7 deletions - alkylator related
> 3
target cells
think mostly thal
could also be HbC
HbSC
one sickle
one C
HbCS
alpha thal
Constant Spring mutation (longer mRNA transcript)
good prognostics ALL
t(12;21)
hyperploidy
nml cytogenetics
1-9 y/o, female
bad prognostics ALL
t(9;22) 11q23 hypOploidy t(4;11) infants/adults
acute myeloid leukemia
leukemic blasts express…
CD13, CD33
constitutional symptoms, anemia, lymphocytosis, and thrombocytopenia with resulting petechiae and bleeding
acute leukemia
acute leukemia more common in kids
ALL
peak at 4 y/o
acute leukemia more common in adults
AML
t(14;18)
follicular NHL
bcl2 activation
hyp__calcemia in tumor lysis syndrome
hypOcalcemia (phosphate precipitates w/ ca)
dabingatran
prophylaxis of stroke w/ afib
CHOP
cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine and prednisone
hepatitis B reactivation
rituximab
delayed N/V
Cyclophosphamide, cisplatinum, and doxorubicin
non-specific cell cycle chemo
alkylators
platinums
anthracyclines
long term effects of _____ include sterility and increased risk of secondary leukemias
alkylating therapy
danazol
androgen
suppresses gonadotrophin production and has pro-androgenic effects through direct action on the androgen receptor
androgen-inhibitors are mainly used to treat
PROSTATE CANCERS
_______ are begun prior to initiation of GnRH analogs specifically to block “tumor flare” induced by the initial increase in androgen synthesis.
Androgen receptor inhibitors (bicalutamide, flutamide)
____ does prolong survival in CML but at the cost of unpleasant side effects
Interferon alpha
______ is the only curative treatment currently available for CML, but is associated with significant morbidity and mortality
Allogeneic HSCT
T/F
EBV is associated w/ hepatocellular carcinoma
F
T/F
Sources of stem cells for hematopoietic transplantation include irradiated wbc
F
cryoglobinemia is associated with which virus
hep C
5q syndrome has a better prognosis for
MDS
autologous transplant
malignant and autoimmune
