Random Flashcards
Polyhydramniosis cause?
Not drinking, oeseophageal atresia
Peeing too much, infection
(TORCH)
Macrosomia, large for dates, big baby lots of fluids
Problems of polyhydramniosis?
Transverse lie as too much fluid
Premature rupture of membranes due to pressure
Management of polyhydramniosis?
Amnioreduction: needle to aspirate some of the fluid off
Management of gestational diabetes?
Diet controlled
Metformin
Insulin
If you’ve migraine without aura, can you have the COCP?
Yes unless you’re over 35
Doses of folic acid?
400mcg low risk
5mg
What drugs can cause gynaecomastia in men?
Spironolcatone
Alcohol
Anti-psychotics
What’s the test they do at pre 14 weeks to look for Down’s syndrome called? What’s it involve?
Combined test pre 14 weeks
USS nuchal translucency
Bloods: bHcG and pregnancy ass. plasma protein A (PAPPA)
What’s the test they do after 14 weeks to look for Down’s syndrome called? What’s it involve?
Quadruple test b HCG oestriol inhibin A Alpha fetoprotein
Ways you can give prostaglandin?
Gel
Pessary
Tablet
Drugs contraindicated in first trimester?
Sodium valp
ACEi
B blockers
Diuretics
What happens if a lady has an abnormal smear?
If its dyskaryosis without HPV - nothing
If you’ve HPV - refer to colposcopy
If you’ve severe dyskaryosis - refer
What happens at colposcopy clinic?
Speculum to look at cervix
Use a microscope to look
Acetic acid onto cervix:
- white changes if there’s transitional cells (as there’s more keratin)
Iodine onto cervix:
- normal cells stain orange-brown
- abnormal don’t (they have less glutamine)
Take a biopsy of zone
LETT’s procedure/loop diathermy
What is LETT’s procedure? When is it done?
Diathermy tool that’s loop shaped
To remove area
Send off for histology
What’s a problem with LETT’s procedure?
higher risk of preterm labour, due to cervical incompetence
DVT risk score, and what is in it?
Well’s score
Active cancer
Recent immobility, paralysis
Recent abdo, pelvic surgery or bedridden for 3+ days
Previous DVT
Swollen whole leg 3cm bigger than other calf Pitting oedema Swollen superficial veins Local tenderness
Complications of diabetes in pregnancy?
Pre-eclampsia
Macrosomia Shoulder dystocia Miscarriage Congenital abnormalities: cardiac, neural tube Polyhydramniosis
Fetal hypoglycaemia
Jaundice
How would you investigate the fetus for reduced fetal movements?
CTG
USS
Doppler to look for reduced end diastolic flow in umbilical arteries
What’s karyotyping?
Chromosomal analysis
Which endocrine condition do down’s children get which affects their intellectual development?
Hypothyroidism
Features of fetal CMV infection?
Microcephaly Hepatomegaly Jaundice Low birth weight Seizures Hearing, visual problems Learning difficulties
Features of fetal rubella infection?
Classic triad:
- Sensorineural deafness
- Eye problems (cataracts)
- Congenital heart disease (p. artery stenosis, PDA)
Others: Jaundice Low birth weight Microcephaly Spleen, liver, bone marrow problems
Features of fetal toxoplasmosis infection?
What type of bug is it?
Hydrocephalus Epilepsy Hearing loss Learning difficulties Miscarriage, stillbirth
Parasite
Features of maternal SLE?
If poorly controlled
Higher risk of miscarriage and stillbirth Pre-eclampsia Premature delivery Low birth weight Birth defects, learning difficulties
