random 5 Flashcards
What drug can be used to decrease the frequency of sickle cell anaemia crises?
Hydroxycarbamide
What is G6PD deficiency?
Patients are susceptible to developing acute haemolytic anaemia when they take a number of common drugs (and fava beans). Risk and severity is almost always dose related.
Name three drugs that should not be given to people with G6PD deficiency?
Dapsone, nitrofurantoin, quinolones, rasburicase, sulfonamides
A patient with CKD may be given which one of the following to treat anaemia?
Darbopoetin
Folic acid
Hydroxycobalamin
Darbopoetin - EPO deficiency
May also be given iron
MHRA important safety information r/e epoietins
Overcorrection of Hb conc. in patients with CKD may increase the risk of death and serious CVD. In patients with cancer may increase the risk of thrombosis. Only treat if symptomatic anaemia. Target range of 10-12 (or what relieves symptoms)
Why might you advise against using epoietins in patients with a tumour?
There is a risk of tumour progression, blood transfusion may be the preferred treatment
True/False - parental iron will correct Hb levels quicker than oral iron
False - parental iron does not produce a faster Hb response than oral iron, provided that oral iron is taken reliably.
When Hb is within normal range, iron supplements should be continued for a further X months to replenish the patients stores
3 months
What is pernicious anaemia?
Lack of gastric intrinsic factor resulting from an autoimmune gastritis causes malabsorption of vitamin B12
Which of the following is preferred for treating B12 deficiency? Hydroxycobalamin or cyanobalamin
Hydroxycobalamin is vitamin B12 of choice - patient is loaded then it is given at intervals of 3months usually for life
Why should folic acid not be given in undiagnosed megaloblastic anaemia?
Should only be given in undiagnosed megaloblastic anaemia if vitamin B12 is given concurrently otherwise neuropathy may be precipitated.
Why should folic acid NEVER be given alone for pernicious anaemia?
May precipitate subacute combined degeneration of the spinal cord
How long should folate deficient anaemia be treated with folic acid supplements?
Give 5mg OD usually for 4 months - this will bring about remission and replenish stores
Why must filgastrim be prescribed by brand?
It is a biosimilar medicine
Idiopathic thrombocytopenia can be treated with what?
Corticosteroid
Why might patients with renal artery stenosis require potassium supplementation?
Renal artery stenosis is associated with hypoaldosteronism and this can cause hypokalemia
What are the 3 options for treating hyperkalemia?
Calcium gluconate 10%
IV soluble insulin (e.g. actrapid)
IV or neb salbutamol
why must chronic hyponatremia be corrected slowly?
To avoid the risk of osmotic demyelination syndrome
What can be used to treat severe hypocalcemia?
IV calcium gluconate
How should severe hypercalcemia be managed?
Dehydration should be corrected first with NaCl
Drugs which promote hypercalcemia e.g. thiazides and vitamin D should be stopped
Bisphosphonates may be required (pamidronate is probably the most effective)
Could use corticosteroids if due to vitamin B toxicity but takes several days to achieve desired effect.
What is the 1st line treatment for N+V in pregnancy, if lifestyle measures have failed?
Promethazine
OR prochlorperazine and metoclopramide are options
Co-beneldopa can discolour the urine what colour?
Reddish
Bisphosphonates are C/I in patients with what electrolyte disturbance?
Hypocalcemia
If a patient is experiencing nightmares while taking bisoprolol what alterantive beta blocker could you switch them to?
Atenolol or nadaolol are very water soluble as so less likely to pass the BBB.
(Sotalol is aswell but this shouldn’t be used often)