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1
Q

LN follicle

A

B cells

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2
Q

LN paracortex

A

T cells

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3
Q

LN medullary cords

A

plasma cells

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4
Q

LN medullary sinus

A

macrophages

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5
Q

How many afferent lymphatic LN vessels

A

many

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6
Q

How many efferent lymphatic LN vessel

A

one

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7
Q

Where is MALT

A 
skin, respiratory, GI tract
GALT in intestine (peyers patches in ileum in lamina propria and submucosa)
O-MALT in tonsils and adenoids
BALT in airways
NALT in nose
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8
Q

LN drainage - arm and breast

A

axillary LN

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9
Q

LN drainage - lat foot

A

popliteal LN

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10
Q

LN drainage - thigh

A

superficial inguinal

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11
Q

LN drainage - stomach

A

celiac

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12
Q

LN drainage -duadenum and jejunum

A

superior mesenteric nodes

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13
Q

LN drainage - sigmoid colon

A

colin LN to inferior mesenteric

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14
Q

LN drainage - anal canal above pectinate

A

internal iliac

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15
Q

LN drainage -anal canal below pectinate

A

superficial inguinal

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16
Q

LN drainage -testes

A

paraaortic, because descend during embryology

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17
Q

LN drainage - scrotum

A

superficial inguinal

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18
Q

LN drainage -right arm and right half of leg

A

right lymphatic duct

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19
Q

LN drainage - most of body

A

thoracic duct into L subclavian and internal jugular

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20
Q

lymph contains

A

proteins, chylomicrons, , antibodies, milky white

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21
Q

LN drainage - cervical LN

A

head and neck

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22
Q

LN drainage - hilar LN

A

lungs

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23
Q

LN drainage - mediastinal LN

A

trachea and esophagus

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24
Q

LN drainage - axillaryLN

A

upper limb, breast, skin above umbilicus

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25
Q

LN drainage - celiac LN

A

liver stomach spleen pancreas upper duodenum

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26
Q

LN drainage - superior mesenteric

A

lower duodenum jejunum ileum colon to splenic flexure

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27
Q

LN drainage - inferior mesenteric

A

colon from splenic flexure to upper rectum

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28
Q

LN drainage - internal iliac

A

lower rectum to anal canal (above pectinate) bladder vagina (middle third) prostate

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29
Q

LN drainage - para aortic

A

testes ovaries kidneys uterus

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30
Q

LN drainage - superficial inguinal

A

anal canal (below pectinate) skin below umbilicus (except popliteal area) scrotum

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31
Q

LN drainage - popliteal

A

dorsolateral foot posterior calf

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32
Q

What encodes MHC complexes

A

HLA loci

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33
Q

MHC I loci

A

HLA - A, B, C

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34
Q

MHC II

A

HLA - DR, DP, DQ

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35
Q

HLA A3

A

hemochromatosis

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36
Q

HLA B27

A

seronegative arthropathies

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37
Q

HLA DQ2/DQ8

A

celiac disease

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38
Q

HLA DR2

A

MS, hay fever, SLE,goodpasture

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39
Q

HLA DR3

A

DMT1SLE graves hashimotos thyroiditis

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40
Q

HLA D4

A

RA DMT1

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41
Q

HLA DR5

A

perncious anemia hashimotos

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42
Q

Tx myasthenia gravis

A

phyxostigmine

anticholinersterases

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43
Q

IL2

A

proliferation of T cells

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44
Q

IL 4

A

proliferation of B cells, Th0 to Th2

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45
Q

IL5

A

proliferation of B cells

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46
Q

IL10

A

inhibits Th1 and macrophages

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47
Q

IL12

A

Th0 to Th1

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48
Q

IFNg

A

activates macrophages, ihibits Th2

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49
Q

Th1 produce

A

IL2 and IFNg

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50
Q

Th2 prodce

A

IL 2 Il 4 IL 5 IL 10

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51
Q

Macrophages and dendritic cytokines

A

IL12

52
Q

cytokines that activate NK cells

A

IL 12 IL 2 IFNa IFNb

53
Q

CD 16

A

binds to constant regions of antibodies and found on NK cells, some macrophages and monocytes and neutrophils

54
Q

anti IgG antibodies

A

RA

55
Q

ACPA

A

anti citrullinated protein antibodies

RA

56
Q

anti centromere

A

CREST scleroderma

57
Q

anti scl 70

A

Diffuse scleroderma

58
Q

anti histone

A

drug induced lupus

59
Q

ANA

A

antinuclear antibodies

SLE - not specific

60
Q

anti smith

A

SLE - more specific

61
Q

anti dsDNA

A

lupus nephritis

62
Q

anti jo1

A

polymyositis/dermatomyositis

63
Q

anti SSA

A

anti Ro

Sjogren syndrome

64
Q

anti Ro

A

anti SSA

Sjogren syndrome

65
Q

anti SSB

A

anti La

Sjogren syndrome

66
Q

anti La

A

anti SSB

Sjogren syndrome

67
Q

anti U1 RNP

A

MCTD

68
Q

anti desmoglein

A

pemphigus vulgaris

69
Q

anti acetylcholine receptor

A

Myasthenia gravis

70
Q

anti endomysial

A

anti tissue transglutaminase

celiac

71
Q

anti tissue transglutaminase

A

anti endomysial

celiac

72
Q

anti gliadin

A

celiac

73
Q

anti mitochondrial

A

primary biliary cirrhosis

74
Q

anti smooth muscle

A

autoimmune hepatitis

75
Q

anti glutamate decarboxylase

A

T1DM

76
Q

anti thyrotropin receptor

A

graves disease

77
Q

anti thyroid peroxidase

A

anti TPO

hasimoto thyroiditis

78
Q

anti thyroglobulin

A

hashimotos or graves

79
Q

anti basement membrane

A

goodpasture

80
Q

c ANCA

A

granulomatosis with polyangitis (wegerners)

81
Q

p ANCA

A

pauci immune crescentic glomerulonephritis
Churg strauss
microscopic polyangiitis

82
Q

hypersensitivity - rhinitis

A

1

83
Q

hypersensitivity -acute hemoytic transfusion reaction

A

2

84
Q

hypersensitivity -arthus reaction

A

3

85
Q

hypersensitivity -contact dermatitis

A

4

86
Q

hypersensitivity -hay fever

A

1

87
Q

hypersensitivity -autoimmune hemolytic anemia

A

2

88
Q

hypersensitivity -SLE

A

2/3

89
Q

hypersensitivity - eczema

A

1

90
Q

hypersensitivity -bullous pemphigoid

A

2

91
Q

hypersensitivity -erythroblastosis fetalis

A

2

92
Q

hypersensitivity - PAN

A

3

93
Q

hypersensitivity - MS

A

4

94
Q

hypersensitivity -PPD

A

4

95
Q

hypersensitivity -PSGN

A

3

96
Q

hypersensitivity - serum sickness

A

3 on second exposure

97
Q

hypersensitivity - guillan barre

A

2

98
Q

hypersensitivity -hashimoto

A

4

99
Q

hypersensitivity - rheumatic fever and scarlet fever

A

RF - type 2 scarlet fever not from hypersensitivity but from GAS toxins

100
Q

hypersensitivity - goodpasture

A

2

101
Q

benign heart sounds

A

split s1
split s2 on inspiration
s3 heart sound in patient < 40 years old
early quiet systolic murmur

102
Q

murmur with widened pulse pressure

A

aortic regurgitation

103
Q

delayed umbilical cord separation

A

leukocyte adhesion deificicny type 1

104
Q

retained primary teeth

A

AD hyper IgEsyndrome or Job syndrome

105
Q

no thymic shadow

A

digeorge or scid

106
Q

nitroblue tetrazolium test positive

A

MPO deficiency

107
Q

nitroblue tetrazolium test negative

A

NADPH deficiency

108
Q

PPV and NPV vary with prevalence

A

^prevalence -> ^ PPV and decreased NPV

109
Q

Turner syndrome cardiac defects

A

aortic coarctation and bicuspid aortic valve

110
Q

digeorge syndrome cardiac defects

A

tetrology of fallot

interrupted aortic arch

111
Q

Borders of lung pleura

A

midclavicular - 7th (5-7)
midaxillary - R (upper 10th) L (lower 10th) (7-9)
paravertebral - 12 (9-11)
thoracentesis above - lung injury; below liver or spleen injury

112
Q

nissl substance

A

RER

113
Q

kinesin

A

antergrade transport

ATP - microtubule associated motor protein

114
Q

how does drugs cause ototoxicity

A

damages outer hair cells (sensitive inner hair cells to specific frequency)

115
Q

signet ring cells

A

diffuse gastric adenoma (spreads to ovary -krukenber)

LCIS of breast

116
Q

obligate anerobes lack what

A

catalase and superoxide dismutase

117
Q

TB in COPD

A

M kanasaii

118
Q

rice water diarrhea

A

cholera or VIPoma

119
Q

obligate aerobe bacteria

A 
Nagging pests must breath
nocardia
pseudomona
M. tuberculosis
bacillus
120
Q

child drinks only goat milk

A

folate deficiency

121
Q

4 carcinomas that metastasize via blood (hematogenously) instead of lymphatics

A
  1. Renal cell carcinoma
  2. Hepatocellular carcinoma
  3. Follicular (thyroid) carcinoma
  4. Choriocarcinoma
122
Q

honeycomb lung

A

interstitial fibrosis

123
Q

patient able to point to localize chest pain using one finger

A

musculoskeletal chest pain

124
Q

chest wall tenderness on palpation

A

musculoskeletal chest pain

125
Q

rapid onset sharp chest pain in 20 year old, associated with dyspnea

A

spon pneumothorax

126
Q

chest pain made worse by deep breathing and or motion

A

musculoskeletal chest pain

127
Q

sternum pain greatly exacerbated by coughing

A

costotendinitis

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