Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Undeleted > Key associations > Flashcards

Key associations Flashcards

1
Q

actinic (solar) keratosis

A

precursor to squamous cell carcinoma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

acute gastric ulcer associated with CNS injury

A

cushing ulcer (increased intracranial pressure stimulates vagal gastric H+ secretion)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

acute gastric ulcer associated with severe burns

A

curling ulcer (greatly reduced plasma volume results in sloughing of gastric mucosa)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

alternating areas of transmural inflammation and normal colon

A

skip lesions (crohn disease)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

aortic aneurysm, abdominal

A

atherosclerosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

aortic aneurysm, ascending or arch

A

tertiary syphilis (syphilitic aortitis), vasa vasorum destruction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

aortic aneurysm, thoracic

A

marfan syndrome (idiopathic cystic medial degeneration)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

aortic dissection

A

hypertension

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

atrophy of the mammillary bodies

A

wernicke encephalopathy (thiamine deficiency causing ataxia, ophthalmoplegia, and confusion)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

autosplenectomy (fibrosis and shrinkage)

A

sickle cell disease (hemoglobin S)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

bacteria associated with gastritis, peptic ulcer disease, and stomach cancer

A

H. pylori

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

bacterial meningitis (adults and elderly)

A

Streptococcus pneumoniae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

bacterial meningitis (newborns and kids)

A

group B streptococcus/E. Coli (newborns), S. pneumoniar/Neisseria meningitidis (kids)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

benign melanocytic nevus

A

spitz nevus (most common in first two decades)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

bleeding disorder with Gp1b deficiency

A

Bernard-Soulier syndrome (defect in platelet adhesion to von Willebrand factor)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

brain tumor (adults)

A

supratentorial: metastasis> astrocytoma (including lioblastoma multiforme)> meningioma>schwannoma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

brain tumor (kids)

A

infratentorial: medulloblastoma (cerebellum) or supratentorial: craniopharyngioma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

breast cancer

A

infiltrating ductal carcinoma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

breast mass

A

fibrocystic change, carcinoma (in postmenopausal women)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

breast tumor (benign)

A

fibroadenoma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

cardiac primary tumor (kids)

A

rhabdomyoma, often seen in tuberous sclerosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

cardiac manifestation of lupus

A

Libman-sacks endocarditis (nonbacterial, affecting both sides of mitral valve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

cardiac tumor (adults)

A

metastasis, primary myxoma (4:1 left to right atrium; “ball and valve”)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

cerebellar tonsillar herniation

A

chiari II malformation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

chronic arrhythmia

A

atrial fibrillation (associated with high risk of emboli)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

chronic atrophic gastritis (autoimmune)

A

predisposition to gastric carcinoma (can also cause pernicious anemia)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

clear cell adenocarcinoma of the vagina

A

DES exposure in utero

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

congenital adrenal hyperplasia, hypotention

A

21-hydroxylase deficiency

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

congenital cardiac anomaly

A

VSD

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

congenital conjugated hyperbilirubinemia (black liver)

A

Dubin johnson syndrome (inability of hepatocytes to secrete conjugated bilirubin into bile)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

constrictive pericarditis

A

TB (developing world);

idiopathic, viral illness (developed world)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

coronary artery involved in thrombosis

A

LAD>RCA>circumflex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

cretinism

A

iodine deficit/congenital hypothyroidism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

Cushing syndrome

A
  • iatrogenic (from corticosteroid therapy)
  • adrenocortical adenoma (secretes excess cortisol)
  • ACTH-secreting pituitary adenoma (Cushing disease)
  • paraneoplastic (due to ACTH secretion by tumors)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

cyanosis (early; less common)

A

Tetralogy of Fallot, transposition of great vessels, truncus arteriosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

cyanosis (late; more common)

A

VSD, ASD, PDA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

death in CML

A

blast crisis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

death in SLE

A

lupus nephropathy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

dementia

A

Alzheimer disease, multiple infarcts (vascular dementia)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

demyelinating disease in young women

A

multiple sclerosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

DIC

A

severe sepsis, obstetric complications, cancer, burns, trauma, major surgery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

dietary deficit

A

iron

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

diverticulum in pharynx

A

Zenker diverticulum (diagnosed by barium swallow)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

ejection click

A

aortic stenosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
45
Q

esophageal cancer

A

squamous cell carcinoma (worldwide);

adenocarcinoma (U.S.)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
46
Q

food poisoning (exotoxin mediated)

A

S. aureus, B cereus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
47
Q

glomerulonephritis (adults)

A

Berger disease (IgA nephropathy)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
48
Q

gynecologic malignancy

A 
endometrial carcinoma (most common in U.S.);
cervical carcinoma (most common worldwide)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
49
Q

Heart murmur, congenital

A

mitral valve prolapse

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
50
Q

heart valve in bacterial endocarditis

A

Mitral>aortic (rheumatic fever), tricuspid (IV drug abuse)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
51
Q

helminth infection (U.S.)

A

Enterobius vermicularis, Ascaris lumbricoides

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
52
Q

hematoma-epidural

A

rupture of middle meningeal artery (trauma; lentiform shaped)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
53
Q

hematoma-subdural

A

rupture of bridging veins (crescent shaped)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
54
Q

hemochromatosis

A

multiple blood transfusions or hereditary HFE mutation (can result in heart failure, “bronze diabetes”, and increased risk of hepatocellular carcinoma)

55
Q

hepatocellular carcinoma

A

cirrhotic liver (associated with hepatitis B and C and with alcoholism)

56
Q

hereditary bleeding disorder

A

von Willebrand disease

57
Q

hereditary harmless jaundice

A

Gilbert syndrome (benign congenital unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia)

58
Q

HLA-B27 (all present with lower back pain)

A

ankylosing spondylitis, reactive arthritis, ulcerative colitis (IBD), psoriatic arthritis

59
Q

HLD-DR3

A

diabetes mellitus type 1, SLE, Grave’s disease, Hashimoto thryroiditis

60
Q

HLA-DR4

A

diabetes mellitus type 1, rheumatoid arthritis

61
Q

holosystolic murmur

A

VSD, tricuspid regurgitaion, mitral regurgitation

62
Q

hypercoagulability, endothelial damage, blood stasis

A

Virchow triad (increased risk of thrombosis)

63
Q

secondary HTN

A

renal disease

64
Q

hypoparathyroidism

A

accidental excision during thyroidecomy

65
Q

hypopituitarism

A

pituitary adenoma (usually benign tumor)

66
Q

infection secondary to blood transfusion

A

hepatitis C

67
Q

infections in chronic granulomatous disease

A

S.aureus, E. coli, aspergillus (all catalse +)

68
Q

intellectual disability

A

Down syndrome, fragile X syndrome

69
Q

kidney stones

A
  • uric acid = radiolucent
  • calcium= radiopaque
  • struvite (ammonium)= radiopaque (formed by urease + organisms such as Klebsiella, proteus species, and S, saprophyticus)
70
Q

late cyanotic shunt (uncorrected left to right becomes right to left)

A

Eisenmenger syndrome (caused by ASD, VSD, PDA; results in pulmonary hypertension/polycythemia)

71
Q

liver disease

A

alcoholic cirrhosis

72
Q

lysosomal storage disease

A

Gaucher disease

73
Q

male cancer

A

prostatic carcinoma

74
Q

malignancy associated with non-infectious fever

A

Hodgkin lymphoma

75
Q

malignancy (kids)

A

ALL, medulloblastoma (cerebellum)

76
Q

metastases to bone

A

prostate, breast>lung>thyroid

77
Q

metastases to brain

A

lung>breast>genitourinary>melanoma>GI

78
Q

metastases to liver

A

colon»stomach, pancreas

79
Q

mitochondrial inheritance

A

disease occurs in both males and females

disease inherited through females only

80
Q

mitral valve stenosis

A

rheumatic heart disease

81
Q

mixed (UMN and LMN) motor neuron disease

A

ALS

82
Q

myocarditis

A

Coxsacie B virus

83
Q

nephrotic syndrome (adults)

A

focal segmental glomerulosclerosis

84
Q

nephrotic syndrome (kids)

A

minimal change disease

85
Q

neuron migration failure

A

Kallmann syndrome (hypogonadotropic hypogonadism and anosmia)

86
Q

nosocomial pneumonia

A

S. aureus, Pseudomonas, other enteric gram-negative rods

87
Q

obstruction of male urinary tract

A

BPH

88
Q

opening snap

A

mitral stenosis

89
Q

opportunistic infection in AIDS

A

pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia

90
Q

osteomyelitis

A

S. aureus (most common overall)

91
Q

osteomyelitis in sickle cell disease

A

salmonella

92
Q

osteomyelitis in IV drug abuser

A

pseudomonas, candida, S. aureus

93
Q

ovarian tumor (benign, bilateral)

A

serous cystadenoma

94
Q

ovarian tumor (malignant)

A

serous cystadenocarcinoma

95
Q

pancreatitis (acute)

A

gallstones, alcohol

96
Q

pancreatitis (chronic)

A 
alcohol (adults)
cystic fibrosis (kids)
97
Q

pelvic inflammatory disease

A

C. trachomatis, N. gonorrhoeae

98
Q

patient with ALL/CLL/AML/CML

A

ALL: child
CLL:adult>60
AML:adult ~65
CML: adult 45-85

99
Q

Philadelphia chromosome t(9;22) (BCR-ABL)

A

CML (may sometimes be associated with ALL/AML)

100
Q

pituitary tumor

A

prolactinoma, somatotropic adenoma

101
Q

primary amenorrhea

A

Turner syndrome (45, XO)

102
Q

primary bone tumor (adults)

A

multiple myeloma

103
Q

primary hyperaldosteronism

A

adenoma of adrenal cortex

104
Q

primary hyperparathyroidism

A

adenomans, hyperplasia, carcinoma

105
Q

primary liver cancer

A

hepatocellular carcinoma (chronic hepatitis, cirrhosis, hemochromatosis, alpha1-antitrypsin deficiency, Wilson disease)

106
Q

pulmonary hypertension

A

COPD

107
Q

recurrent inflammation/thrombosis of small/medium vessels in extremities

A

Buerger disease (strongly associated with tobacco)

108
Q

renal tumor

A

renal cell carcinoma; associated with von Hippel-Lindau and cigarette smoking; paraneoplastic syndromes (EPO, renin, PTHrP, ACTH)

109
Q

right heart failure due to a pulmonary cause

A

cor pulmonale

110
Q

S3 heart sound

A

increased ventricular filling pressure (e.g. mitral regurgitation, HF), common in dilated ventricles

111
Q

S4 heart sound

A

stiff/hypertrophic ventricle (aortic stenosis, restrictive cardiomyopathy)

112
Q

secondary hyperparathyroidism

A

hypocalcemia of chronic kidney disease

113
Q

STD

A

C. trachomatis (usually coinfected with N. gonorrhoeae)

114
Q

SIADH

A

small cell carcinoma of the lung

115
Q

site of diverticula

A

sigmoid colon

116
Q

sites of atherosclerosis

A

abdominal aorta>coronary artery>popliteal artery> carotid artery

117
Q

stomach cancer

A

adenocarcinoma

118
Q

stomach ulcerations and high gastrin levels

A

Zoliinger-Ellison syndrome (gastrinoma of duodenum or pancreas)

119
Q

t(14;18)

A

follicular lymphomas (BCL-2 activation, anti-apoptotic oncogene)

120
Q

t(8;14)

A

Burkitt lymphoma (c-myc fusion, transcription factor oncogene)

121
Q

t(9;22)

A

Philadelphia chromosome, CML (BCR-ABL activation, tyrosine kinase oncogene)

122
Q

temporal arteritis

A

risk of ipsilateral blindness due to occlusion of ophthalmic artery; polymyalgia rheumatica)

123
Q

testicular tumor

A

seminoma (malignant, radiosensitive)

124
Q

thyroid cancer

A

papillary carcinoma

125
Q

tumor in women

A

Leiomyoma (estrogen dependent, not precancerous)

126
Q

tumor in infancy

A

strawberry hemangioma (usually regresses spontaneously by childhood)

127
Q

tumor of the adrenal medulla (adults)

A

pheochromocytoma (usually benign)

128
Q

tumor of the adrenal medulla (kids)

A

neuroblastoma (malignant )

129
Q

type of Hodgkin lymphoma

A

nodular sclerosing (vs mixed cellularity, lymphocytic predominance, lymphocytic depletion)

130
Q

type of non-Hodgkin lymphoma

A

diffuse large B-cell lymphoma

131
Q

UTI

A

E.coli, Staphylococcus saprophyticus ( young women)

132
Q

vertebral compression fracture

A

osteoporosis type I: postmenopausal woman

osteoporosis type II: elderly man or woman

133
Q

viral encephalitis affecting temporal lobe

A

HSV-1

134
Q

vitamin deficiency (U.S.)

A

folate (pregnant women are at high risk; body stores only 3 to 4 months supply; prevents neural tube defects)

Undeleted (9 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions