Classic Lab/Findings Flashcards
1
Q
anticentromere antibodies
A
scleroderma (CREST)
2
Q
anti-desmoglein (epithelial) antibodies
A
pemphigus vulgaris (blistering)
3
Q
anti-glomerular basement membrane antibodies
A
Goodpasture syndrome (glomerulonephritis and hemoptysis)
4
Q
antihistone antibodies
A
drug induced SLE (ex hydralazine, isoniazid, phenytoin, procainamide)
5
Q
anti-IgG antibodies
A
rheumatoid arthritis (systemic inflammation, joint pannus, boutonniere deformity)
6
Q
antimitochondrial antibodies (AMAs)
A
primary biliary cirrhosis (female, cholestasis, portal hypertension)
7
Q
antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCAs)
A
microscopic polyangiitis and eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis (churg strauss syndrome) (MPO-ANCA/p-ANCA); granulomatous with polyangiitis (Wegener; PR3-ANCA/c-ANCA)
8
Q
antinuclear antibodies (ANAs: anti-smith and anti-dsDNA)
A
SLE (type III hypersensitivity)
9
Q
antiplatelet antibodies
A
diffuse systemic scleroderma
10
Q
anti-transglutaminase/anti-gliadin/anti-endomysial antibodies
A
celiac disease (diarrhea, weight loss)
11
Q
“apple core” lesion on barium enema x-ray
A
colorectal cancer (usually left sided)
12
Q
atypical lymphocytes
A
EBV
13
Q
azurophilic peroxidase + granular inclusions in granulocytes and myeloblasts
A
auer rods (AML, especially the promyelocytic [M3] type)
14
Q
bacitracin response
A
sensitive: S. pyogenes (group A); resistant: S. agalactiae (group B)
15
Q
“bamboo spine” on xray
A
ankylosing spondylitis (chronic inflammation arthritis: HLA-B27)
16
Q
basophilic nuclear remnants in RBCs
A
Howell-jolly bodies (due to splenectomy or nonfunctional spleen)
17
Q
basophilic stippling of RBCs
A
lead poisoning or sideroblastic anemia
18
Q
bloody or yellow tap on lumbar puncture
A
subarachnoid hemorrhage
19
Q
“boot shaped” heart on x ray
A
tetralogy of fallot (due to RVH)
20
Q
branching gram positive rods with sulfur granules
A
actinomyces israelii
21
Q
bronchogenic apical lung tumor on imaging
A
pancoast tumor (can compress cervical sympathetic chain and cause horners syndrome)
22
Q
“brown” tumor of bone
A
hyperparathyroidism or osteitis fibrosa cystica (deposited hemosiderin from hemorrhage gives brown color)
23
Q
cadiomegaly with apical atrophy
A
chagas disease (trypanosoma cruzi)
24
Q
cellular crescents in bowman capsule
A
rapidly progressive crescentic glomerulonephritis
25
"chocolate cyst" of ovary
endometriosis (frequently involves both ovaries)
26
circular grouping of dark tumor cells surrounding pale neurofibrils
homer-wright rosettes (neuroblastoma, medulloblastoma)
27
colonies of mucoid pseudomonas in lungs
cystic fibrosis (autosomal recessive mutation in CFTR gene -> fat soluble vitamin deficiency and mucous plugs)
28
decrease in AFP in amniotic fluid/maternal serum
down syndrome or other chromosomal abnormalities
29
degeneration of dorsal column fibers
tabes dorsalis (tertiary syphilis), subacute combined degeneration (dorsal columns, lateral corticospinal, spinocerebellar tracts affected)
30
"delta wave" on EKG, short PR interval, supraventricular tachycardia
wolf-parkinson-white syndrome (Bundle of Kent bypasses AV node)
31
depigmentation of neurons in substantia nigra
parkinson disease (basal ganglia disorder: rigidity, resting tremor, bradykinesia)
32
desquamated epithelium casts in sputum
curschmann spirals (bronchial asthma; can result in whorled mucous plugs)
33
disarrayed granulosa cells arranged around collections of eosinophilic fluid
call-exner bodies (granulosa cell tumor of the ovary)
34
dysplastic squamous cervical cells with "raisinoid" nuclei and hyperchromasia
koilocytes (HPV: predisposes to cervical cancer)
35
electrical alternans (alternating amplitude on EKG)
pericardial tamponade
36
enlarged cells with intranuclear inclusion bodies
"owl eye" appearance of CMV
37
enlarged thyroid cells with ground glass nuclei with central clearing
"orphan annie" eyes nuclei (papillary carcinoma of the thyroid)
38
eosinophilic cytoplasmic inclusion in liver cell
mallory body (alcoholic liver disease)
39
eosinophilic cytoplasmic inclusion in nerve cell
lewy body (parkinson disease)
40
eosinophilic globule in liver
councilman body (viral hepatitis, yellow fever), represents hepatocyte undergoing apoptosis
41
eosinophilic inclusion bodies in cytoplasm of hippocampal and cerebellar neurons
negri bodies of rabies
42
extracellular amyloid deposition in gray matter of brain
senile plauqes (alzheimers disease)
43
giant B cells with bilobed nuclei with prominent inclusions (owl eyes)
reed sternberg cells (hodgkin lymphomas)
44
glomerulus like structure surrounding vessel in germ cells
schiller duval bodies (yolk sac tumor)
45
"hair on end" ("crew cut") appearance on xray
B-thalassemia, sickle cell disease (marrow expansion)
46
hCG elevated
choriocarcinoma, hydatidiform mole (occurs with and without embryo, and multiple pregnancy)
47
heart nodules (granulomatous)
aschoff bodies (rheumatic fever)
48
heterophile antibodies
infectious mononucleosis (EBV)
49
hexagonal, double pointed, needle like crystals in bronchial secretions
bronchial asthma (charcot-leyden crystals: eosinophilic granules)
50
high lever of d-dimers
DVT, PE, DIC
51
hilar lymphadenopathy, peripheral granulomatous lesion in middle or lower lung lobes (can calcify)
Ghon complex (primary TB: mycobacterium bacilli)
52
"honeycomb lung" on x ray or CT
interstitial pulmonary fibrosis
53
hypercoagulability (leading to migrating DVTs and vasculitis)
trousseau syndrome (adenocarcinoma of pancreas or lung)
54
hypersegmented neutrophils
megaloblastic anemia, lead poisoning, thalassemia (fetal hemoglobin sometimes present)
55
increased AFP in amniotic fluid/maternal serum
dating error, anencephaly, spina bifida (neural tube defects)
56
increased uric acid levels
gout, Lesch-Nyhan syndrome, tumor lysis syndrome, loop and thiazide diuretics
57
intranuclear eosinophilic droplet-like bodies
cowdry type A bodies (HSV or VZV)
58
iron-containing nodules in alveolar septum
ferruginous bodies (asbestosis: increased chance of mesothelioma)
59
kertin pearls on a skin biopsy
squamous cell carcinoma
60
large granules in phagocytes, immunodeficiency
chediak-higashi disease (congenital failure of phagolysosome formation)
61
"lead pipe" appearance of colon on abdominal imaging
ulcerative colitis (loss of haustra)
62
linear appearance of IgG deposition on glomerular and alveolar basement membranes
Goodpasture syndrome
63
low serum ceruloplasmin
wilson disease (hepatolenticular degeneration)
64
"lumpy bumpy" appearance of glomeruli on immunofluorescence
poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis (due to deposition of IgG, IgM, and C3)
65
lytic ("punched out") bone lesions on x ray
multiple myeloma
66
mammary gland ("blue domed") cyst
fibrocystic change of the breast
67
monoclonal antibody spike
```
multiple myeloma (usually IgG or IgA)
monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS consequence of aging)
Waldenstrom (M protein = IgM) macroglobulinemia
Primary amyloidosis
```
68
mucin-filled cell with peripheral nucleus
"signet ring" (gastric carcinoma)
69
narrowing of bowel lumen on barium x ray
"string sign" (chohn disease)
70
necrotizing vasculitis (lungs) and necrotizing glomerulonephritis
granulomatosis with polyangiitis (wegener; PR3-ANCA/c-ANCA) and goodpasture syndrome (anti-basement membrane antibodies)
71
needle shaped, negatively birefringent crystals
gout (monosodium urate crystals)
72
nodular hyaline deposits in glomeruli
kimmelstiel wilson nodules (diabetic neuropathy)
73
novobiacin response
sensitive: S. epidermidis; resistant: S. saprophyticus
74
"nutmeg" appearance of liver
chronic passive congestion of liver due to right heart failure or Budd-chiari syndrome
75
"onion skin" periosteal reaction
ewing sarcoma (malignant small blue cell tumor)
76
optochin response
sensitive: S. pneumoniae; resistant: viridans streptococci (s. mutans, S. sanguis)
77
periosteum raised from bone, creating triangular area
codman triangle on xray, ewing sarcoma, pyogenic osteomyelitis
78
podocyte fusion or "effacement" on electron microscopy
minimal change disease (child with nephrotic syndrome)
79
polished, "ivory like" appearance of bone at cartilage erosion
eburnation (osteoarthritis resulting in bony sclerosis)
80
protein aggregates in neurons from hyperphosphorylation of tau protein
neurofibrillary tangles (alzheimer disease) and pick bodies (Pick disease)
81
psammoma bodies
meningiomas, papillary thyroid carcinoma, mesothelioma, papillary serous carcinoma of the endometrium and ovary
82
pseudopalisading tumor cells on brain biopsy
glioblastoma multiforme
83
RBC casts in urine
glomerulonephritis
84
rectanglular, crystal like, cytoplasmic inclusions in leydig cells
reinke crystals (leydig cell tumor)
85
recurrent infections, eczema, thrombocytopenia
wiskott-aldrich syndrome
86
renal epithelial casts in urine
intrinsic renal failure (ex. ischemia or toxic injury)
87
rhomboid crystals, positvely birefringent
pseudogout (calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate crystals)
88
rib notching
coarctation of the aorta
89
ring enhancing lesions in AIDs
toxoplasma gondii, CNS lymphoma
90
sheets of medium-sized lymphoid cells with scattered pale, tingible body-laden macrophages
burkitt lymphoma ("starry sky" histology of malignant cells) (t[8:14] c-myc activation, associated with EBV
91
silver staining spherical aggregation of tau proteins in neurons
pick bodies (pick disease: progressive dementia, changes in personality)
92
"soap bubble" in femur or tibia on xray
giant cell tumor of bone (generally benign)
93
"spikes" on basement membrane, "dome-like" subepithelial deposits
membranous nephropathy (nephrotic syndrome)
94
stacks of RBCs
rouleaux formation (high ESR, multiple myeloma)
95
"steeple" sign on CXR
croup (parainfueza virus)
96
stippled vaginal epithelial cells
"clue cells" (gardeneralla vaginalis
97
streptococcus bovis bacteremia
colon cancer
98
"tennis racket"-shaped cytoplasmic organelles (EM) in Langerhans cells
Birbeck granules (Langerhans cell histiocytosis)
99
thousands of polyps on colonoscopy
familial adenomatous polyposis (autosomal dominant, mutation of APC gene)
100
thrombi made of white/red layers
lines of zahn (arterial thrombus, layers of platelets/RBCs)
101
"thumb sign" on lateral neck x ray
epiglottitis (H. influenza)
102
thyroid like appearance of kidney
chronic pyelonephritis (usually due to recurrent infections)
103
"tram-track: appearance of capillary loops of glomerular basement membrane on light microscopy
membranoproliferative glomerularnephritis
104
triglyceride accumulation in liver cell vacuoles
fatty liver disease (alcoholic or metabolic syndrome)
105
"waxy" casts with very low urine flow
chronic end-stage renal disease
106
WBC casts in urine
acute pylonephritis
107
WBCs that look "smudged"
CLL (almost always B cell)
108
"wire loop" glomerular capillary appearance on lightmicroscopy
diffuse proliferative glomerulonephritis (usually seen with lupus)
109
yellowish CSF
xanthochromia (ex. due to subarachnoid hemorrhage)
