Random 2 Flashcards
Why is CTPA contra-indicated in a patient with chronic kidney disease?
The iodine contrast medium is nephrotoxic. IF you suspect a PE, do a V/Q scan.
What is phesgo?
Prescribed in the treatment of HER2-positive breast cancer. The combination of pertuzumab and trastuzumab in Phesgo can help block the HER2 receptor and inhibit cancer cell growth.
What is pseudo-obstruction?
Is like mechanical GI obstruction but with no cause for obstruction found.
What is an example of pseudo-obstruction?
Ogilvie’s syndrome. Acute functional colonic obstruction caused by, malignant retroperitoneal infiltration, spine fracture or electrolyte imbalance.
Acute dilation and unexplained paralysis
What are features of anterior cerebral artery infarct?
- Contralateral lower limb weakness
- Contralateral sensory change in lower limb
- Urinary incontinence
- Apraxia
- Dysarthria (rare)
- Split brain syndrome (rare)
What is mometasone?
Corticosteroid nasal spray used in allergic rhinitis, nasal polyps etc.
What is Q-sinemet?
A controlled-release tablet of carbidopa/levodopa. Sinemet contains both carbidopa and levodopa. The ratio of carbidopa to levodopa in the medication is important because carbidopa helps improve the effectiveness of levodopa in the brain
How does sepsis result in pancytopenia?
‘Stuns’. Suppresses the bone marrow which causes a decrease in the production of red blood cells, white blood cells and platelets.
How does Diazepam cause sleepiness?
Remember that Diazepam is a…benzo! enhances the effects of GABA, calming and inhibitory effect on the brain.
GABA functions as an inhibitory neurotransmitter by binding to specific receptors, known as GABA-A receptors, on the surface of nerve cells (neurons) in the brain. When GABA binds to these receptors, it opens ion channels that allow chloride ions to enter the neuron. This influx of chloride ions results in a negative electrical charge inside the neuron, making it less likely to generate an action potential, which is the electrical signal that neurons use to communicate with each other.
What is Pantoprazole?
Pantoprazole is a PPI
What is Acetazolamide?
Carbonic anhydrase inhibitor. Indication- glaucoma as carbonic anhydrase produces aqueous humor.
What is lymphocytosis?
Lymphocytosis is a medical term that refers to an elevated or abnormally high number of lymphocytes in the blood. Lymphocytosis is not a disease itself but rather a sign or symptom of an underlying condition or process in the body
What is voriconazole?
Anti-fungal.
- Invasive Aspergillosis: A fungal infection caused by the Aspergillus species, which can affect individuals with weakened immune systems, such as those with HIV/AIDS or undergoing organ transplantation.
- Esophageal candidiasis
What does ETOH stand for?
EtOH is the medical abbreviation for ethyl alcohol (ethanol),
What is the cause of coffee ground vomit?
Cause: Coffee ground vomit is usually the result of bleeding in the upper gastrointestinal (GI) tract, specifically the stomach. The dark color of the vomit occurs because the stomach acid partially digests the blood, giving it the coffee ground appearance.
- Peptic ulcers
- Oesophageal varices
What is Docetaxel?
Taxane chemotherapy drug. Works by interfering with the microtubules within cells.
What is a ‘blinking JVP’ a sign of?
Heart failure. Visible JVP: When the pressure in the right atrium increases significantly, it causes a visible pulsation in the jugular veins, especially when the person is lying at a 45-degree angle. This pulsation is synchronized with the heartbeat and can be observed as a “blinking” or pulsatile JVP.
How does GTN spray work?
It does NOT WORK ON CORONARY ARTERIES.
Acts on venous system- venodilation which lowers the preload. Heart fills less, therefore force of contraction is reduced (Starling’s law). Reduces work load of the heart which lowers the O2 demand.
Secondary action
- Action on coronary collateral arteries improves O2 delivery to the ischaemic myocardium.
What is allograft dysfunction?
Allograft dysfunction refers to a condition in which a transplanted organ or tissue (known as an allograft) does not function as expected or experiences a decline in function after transplantation.
How is Haloperidol a useful drug in EOL care?
D2 receptor blockade.
Agitation and Delirium: Patients at the end of life may experience agitation, delirium, or severe confusion. Haloperidol is sometimes used to manage these symptoms by helping to calm the patient and reduce hallucinations or disorientation.
Nausea and Vomiting: Haloperidol can also be used as an adjunct to antiemetic (anti-nausea) medications to help control severe nausea and vomiting, which can be distressing for patients in the terminal stages of illness.
