random Flashcards
force is directly proportional to the ___ and ___ og an object
mass and acceleration
what is the number for gravity
9.8 m/sec^2
a force is named by the …
source of force on the object/segment
combining two or more forces into a single resultant force is called
composition of forces
when is the magnitude of friction force always greatest
just before the object moves
if EA is > RA then mechanical advantage is
> 1
if you have a mechanical advantage >1 then it requires
less effort to move the lever
what is the MAd for 1st and 3rd class levers
<1 so larger ER is required
what is the MAd in 2nd class lever
> 1 so smaller EF is required
the action line for the angle of application is usually
parallel
what does the Fy force resolution cause and what type of component is it
rotary , perpendicular component
what does the Fx force resolution cause and what type of component is it
translation , parallel component
what part of the synovial joint houses sensory never fibers to provide position sense and need for active muscular support
joint capsule
what happens to synovial fluid at an injured joint
volume increases
what are3 connective tissue sacs and found between structures that are moving in tight approximation
bursae a
where can bursae’s be found
bone and tendon
bone and skin
bone and muscles
bone and ligament
maximal open packed positions is at
rest position
what are cells primary function in connective tissue
synthesize the extracellular matrix
which extracellular component is type 1 and makes up 90% of the collagen in the body
fibrillar
collagen fibers in tendons are
straighter
what display the same mechanical behavior no matter the direction of force applied
isotropic matierla
what behaves different depending on the size and direction of the applied force
anisotropic material
if you have increased stiffness then you have _____ mobility
decreased
what is the measurement of structures ability to withstand changes in length
young’s modulus
if there is high viscosity then there is a ____ ____ to deformation
high resistance
as tissue is stretched to a fixed length , less force is required to maintain that length overtime,… this is called
stress-relaxation
what link actin together
z disc
the amount of force is directly proportional to the number of _____ side by side
sarcomeres
which fascia is attached to muscles/bones and can form tracts , bands or teinaculate
deep
what is passive tension
developed in parallel elastic components of muscle
what is active tension developed by
contractile eleemtsn of the muscles
what is constant angular velocity ; changing torque thru ROM
isokinetic
what foes the production of torque vary with
MA, length and velocity
what are sensory receptors
golgi tendon organs and muscle spindles
in long position there is an ___ number of sarcomers and ____ sarcomere length
increase
decrease
in short position there is a ___ number of sarcomeres and ____ sarcomere length
decreased
increased
what is eccentric exercise induced
delayed onset of muscle soreness
itises is typically a result of
overuse
what is resisted in torsion
annulus fibers/facet joints
shear is resisted by facets in what region
lumbar
what resist axial compression the most
disc and vertebral bodies
what exhibits creep in axial compression
nucleus pulposus
if you side bend to the R what happens to alar ligaments
contralateral occipital fibers to become tight and ipsilateral C1 fibers to become taught
what happens to the alar ligaments during rotation to the R
causes C2 spinous process to move L
where is there relative decrease in flexion/extension
C6-C7
where is there more rotation at in the thoracic region
upper
what is flexion limited by in the thoracic region
facet orientation
rib cafe
PLL
lig flavum
interspinous ligament
ZAJ
extension in the thoracic region is limited by
structures
tension
which vertebra in the lumbar region is a transitional vertebra
L5
what is teh C shaped articulating surface in the sacrum
ilia
when does the xiphisternal joint ossifie
40-45 years
when does the manubrosternal joint ossified (rib 2)
60
which rib has a larger thicker articulation with stiffer costal cartilage
1st rib
