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MOVEMENT SCIENCE > LECTURE 2: joing structure and muscle function > Flashcards

LECTURE 2: joing structure and muscle function Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

what states bones will adapt based on stress or demands placed on them

A

wolff’s law

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2
Q

T/F: Tissue properties and joint shapes will change as a result of the demands imposed on them

A

T

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3
Q

what Joined together by fibrous interosseous connect tissue

A

fibrous joints

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4
Q

what are synarthrosis joints

A

little to no movement allowed

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5
Q

what type of movement joints are fibrous joints

A

synarthrosis synarthrosis

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6
Q

what is a suture joint

A

bone edges interlock one another

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7
Q

what is a gomphosis joint

A

peg in a hole joint (teeth)

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8
Q

what is a syndesmosis joint

A

joined by interosseous ligament

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9
Q

what are suture , gomphosis and syndesmosis joints examples of

A

fibrous joints

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10
Q

what is an example of a syndesmosis joint

A

radius and ulna
tibia and fibula

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11
Q

what joints are Connected by fibrocartilage or hyaline cartilage

A

cartilaginous joints

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12
Q

what type of movement joints are cartilaginous joints

A

amphiarthrosis

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13
Q

what type of movement is a amphiarthrosis joint

A

allow for some movement

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14
Q

what is Directly joined by fibrocartilage (discs or pads) and covered with hyaline cartilage

A

symphysis

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15
Q

what is examples of symphysis

A

intervertebral joints and symphysis pubic

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16
Q

what is synchondrosis connected by

A

hyaline cartilage

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17
Q

what is examples of synchondrosis in the body

A

first 7 ribs to the sternum
epiphyseal growth plates near ends of long bones

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18
Q

what joint has No connective tissue and directly unites
bony surfaces

A

synovial joints

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19
Q

what type of joints movement is synovial joints

A

diarthrosis

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20
Q

what type of movement is diarthrosis

A

free to move (elbow and knees joints)

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21
Q

what stabilizes the synovial joints

A

capsules , passive (ligaments) and active (muscles ) structures

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22
Q

what does the inner synovial layer provide

A

lubrication, vascularization,
and nutrition to cartilage

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23
Q

what is Dense irregular connective tissue with varying thickness

A

outer fibrous layer of the joint capsule

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24
Q

what does the outer fibrous later of the joint capsule have

A

Poor vascularity, good innervation

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25
Q

what joint receptor has sensitivity to stretch

A

ruffini

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26
Q

what joint receptor has sensitivity to compression or changes in swelling

A

pacini

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27
Q

what joint receptor has sensitivity to pressure and forceful joint motion into extremes of motion

A

golgi

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28
Q

what joint receptor has sensitivity to stress

A

unmyelinated free nerve ending

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29
Q

what covers inner synovial membrane, keeps joint surfaces lubricated to reduce
friction

A

synovial fluid

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30
Q

what is viscosity of fluid and essential for lubrication; synovial folds

A

hyaluronate

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31
Q

what is cartilage to cartilage lubrication within the synovial fluid

A

lubricin

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32
Q

what Align joint surfaces, guide or restrain motion

A

ligaments

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33
Q

what in the body helps Improve joint congruence, absorb compressive joint forces, and increase joint
stability

A

menisci , labrum’s and disc

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34
Q

what Transmit forces developed by muscles for motion, and act as a active joint stabilization

A

tendons

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35
Q

what are examples of uniaxial joints

A

hinge joints and pivot joint

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36
Q

example of hinge joint

A

humeroulna

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37
Q

example of pivot joint

A

proximal radioulnar joint

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38
Q

what type of joint is a condyloiod joint

A

biaxial

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39
Q

what type of joint is a saddle joint

A

biaxial

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40
Q

example of saddle joint

A

first carpometacarpal joint

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41
Q

example of condyliod joint

A

radiocarpal joint

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42
Q

what are examples of triaxial joint

A

plane joint and ball and socket joint

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43
Q

example of plane joint

A

intercarpal joint

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44
Q

example of ball and socket joint

A

hip joint

45
Q

define Arthrokinematics

A

movement of the joint surfaces

46
Q

what is movement of bones for physiologic joint motion

A

osteokinematics

47
Q

what happens if a convex bones moves on a concave

A

roll and glide in opposite directions

48
Q

if the femur moves on the tibia what happens

A

the femus will roll posterior and glide anterior

49
Q

if the tibia moves on the femur what will happen

A

the tibia will roll and glider anterior when going into extension

50
Q

if a concave bone moves on a convex bone what will happen

A

roll and glide in the same direction

51
Q

what is the difference between the surfaces of closed and loose packed

A

full congruence on closed
incongruent on loose

52
Q

what ROM is closed pack and loose packed

A

CP- extreme ROM
LP- mid position ROM

53
Q

how are the capsules and ligaments in closed and loose pack

A

CP- tight
LP- lax

54
Q

is there distraction avavible in closed packed

A

no

55
Q

is there distraction aviable for loose packed

A

yes

56
Q

what movement is at close packed

A

no movement

57
Q

what movement is at loose packed

A

allow for spin, roll, glide

58
Q

what end fell is limited by approximation of soft-tissues

A

soft end feel

59
Q

what end feel is x limited by capsuloligamentous structure

A

fire end feel

60
Q

what end feel is limited by bone

A

hard end feel

61
Q

what type of collagen makes up the most in the body

A

type 1

62
Q

what are ligaments

A

connecting bone to bone

63
Q

what are tendons

A

connects muscle to bone

64
Q

what type of collagen is ligaments and tendons

A

type 1

65
Q

what type of collagen is hyaline cartilage

A

type 2

66
Q

where is hyaline cartilage found

A

joint surfaces to resist compressive forced

67
Q

what type of collagen is fibrocatitlage

A

mostly type 1

68
Q

what is the function of fibrocartilage

A

resists compressive and tensile forces

69
Q

what type of collagen is in bone

A

type 1

70
Q

what is the inner layer of bone that responds to stresses placed on bone

A

cancellous (spongy)

71
Q

what is the outer layer of the bone

A

cortical (compact)

72
Q

what is the fibrous membrane that covers the bone surface

A

periosteum

73
Q

what stiffness is little deformation before failure

A

brittle

74
Q

what stiffness is great deformation before failure

A

ductile

75
Q

in the plastic region of the stress strain curve what happens

A

grade 1 and 2 ligament sprains

76
Q

in the stress strain curve what happens in the macro failure

A

ligament rupture or avulsion

77
Q

define elasticity

A

Ability to return to original length/shape

78
Q

define viscosity

A

resistance to flow

79
Q

what is it called when tissue deformation gradually continues if force is maintained

A

creep

80
Q

is stability the greatest in closed packed or loose packed position

A

in closed packed position

81
Q

when is muscle demand greater to achieve stability

A

loose packed

82
Q

what is essential for muscle contraction to occur

A

actin and myosin

83
Q

what maintains position of myosin
during muscle contraction

A

titin ( structural protein)

84
Q

what type fibers are type 1

A

for stability , postural, tonic
don’t fatigue fast

85
Q

what type of fibers are type 2

A

mobile and phasic
produce more force and higher power output
hamstrings and gastroc

86
Q

what is the Prime Mover

A

agonist

87
Q

what is a synergist

A

the muscle that helps agonists

88
Q

what is the antagonist

A

opposite action of agonist

89
Q

what is a load (force) per unit area that develops on a plan surface within a structure in response to externally applied forces

A

stress

90
Q

what is the deformation in response to an externally applied load

A

strain

91
Q

what type of stress is it if 2 applied forces act on a material along the same line but in opposite directions

A

tensile

92
Q

if 2 applied forces act in a line toward each other they constitute what stress

A

compressive

93
Q

if 2 applied forces are parallel and are applied in opposite fictions but are not in line with one another they constitute in waht stress

A

shear

94
Q

forces applied perpendicular to the long axis of a stricter constituent what load/stress

A

torsional

95
Q

what region does the tendon return to OH shape and size after being deformed

A

elastic region

96
Q

at what point is there no return for the tendon

A

yield

97
Q

during the plastic region what happens

A

residual deformation will be permanent

98
Q

what happens during the toe region

A

laxity in tissue straightens

99
Q

what are the 2 compartments of the extracellular matrix

A

fibrillar and interfibrillar

100
Q

what does the interfibrillar compartment do

A

attract water to increase rigidity to withstand compressive forces

101
Q

where are proteoglycans and glucosaminoglycans found

A

interfibrillar compartment

102
Q

which compartment in the extracelllar matrix can elastin deform and return to the OG state (ligamentum nuchae)

A

fibrillar compartment

103
Q

what can fail by a single load that exceeds ultimate strength or can fail after repeated applications of a lower load

A

bone

104
Q

what is the effect of exercise on ligaments

A

may speed up recovery

105
Q

what are the effects of exercise on tendons

A

adaptions shown with progressive tensile loading, strength training

106
Q

muscles with larger cross sections will produce more _____

A

tension

107
Q

what is the cross bridge interacting

A

AP release calcium ions which cause troponin to reposition so that receptor sites on the actin are free and the myosin can bind a actin

108
Q

what is decreased force capability due to shortened stare of agonist; influenced by lengthening state of antagonist

A

active insufficiency

MOVEMENT SCIENCE (13 decks)

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