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MOVEMENT SCIENCE > LECTURE 1- biomechanical applications to joint structures and fucntions > Flashcards

LECTURE 1- biomechanical applications to joint structures and fucntions Flashcards

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1
Q

what is the Displacement or motion of a segment without regard to forces that cause movement

A

kinematics

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2
Q

what type of displacement is translatory

A

• Linear displacement
• Movement of segment in a straight line
• Rare in human movement

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3
Q

what type of displacement is rotary

A

• Angular Displacement
• Movement of segment around a fixed axis (COR)

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4
Q

wha tytpe of displacement is general motion

A

translation + rotation
majority of human movement

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5
Q

what plan and direction is in the coronal (x-axis)

A

sagittal plane and flexion and extension

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6
Q

what type of axis and direction is in the transverse plane

A

vertical (y axis)
IR and Er

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7
Q

what type of plane and axis is abduction and abduction

A

anterposterior (z-axis_
frontal plan

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8
Q

what is displacement per unit of time, regardless of direction

A

spped

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9
Q

what is displacement per unit of time in a given direction

A

velocity

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10
Q

what is a force

A

push or a pull exerted by one object on another

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11
Q

what is considered to be touching all objects

A

gravity

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12
Q

what type of force is an external force

A

•Pushes or pulls arising from outside the body

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13
Q

what is a constant external force; should always be considered first

A

gravity

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14
Q

what is Forces that act on structures of the body and arise from within the body

A

internal forces

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15
Q

examples of internal force

A

muscles
ligaments
tendons

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16
Q

If the segments are unequal in mass, the new COM vector will lie closer to the ____ segment.

A

heavier

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17
Q

where is the COM found

A

anterior to S2

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18
Q

where will the base of support lie

A

between their feet

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19
Q

a wider BOS will ___ stability
a lower COM will ____ stability a

A

increase 2x

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20
Q

what is static equilibrium

A

object remains at rest

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21
Q

what is dynamic equilibrium

A

objects moves at a constant velocity

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22
Q

balanced forces results in ___

A

equilibrium

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23
Q

unbalanced forces result in ____

A

acceleration

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24
Q

what law states An object will continue in current motion until a force causes the speed or direction to change

A

Law of Inertia - Newtons 1st law

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25
Q

When the sum of the forces or torque do not equal 0, then the object must be ____

A

accelerating.

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26
Q

If there is only ONE force, there cannot be ______

A

equilibrium

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27
Q

what law states the force of a object is equal to its max times its accelerations

A

law of accelerations - newtons 2n claw

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28
Q

what force system is Two or more forces work on the same segment in the same line

A

linear

29
Q

what force system is Two or more forces work on the same segment from different angles

A

concurrent

30
Q

what law states when 2 objects interact, they apply forces to each other of equal magnitude and opposite direction

A

law of reaction - newtons 3rd law

31
Q

what is a tensile force

A

created by opposite pulls on the same
segment/object

32
Q

a tensile force is ___ to the long axis of the segment

A

parallel

33
Q

what type of force is directed away from the joint surface to which it’s applied

A

joint distraction force

34
Q

the joint distraction force is ___ to its joint surface

A

perpendicular

35
Q

what force is When two body segments are “pushed” together and “touch”

A

joint reaction force

36
Q

what type of force is the ankle weight on a ankle in sitting

A

distraction force

37
Q

what Forces are perpendicular and directed toward the joint surface

A

compression force

38
Q

what type of force is the ankle weight and foot up on leg press

A

compression force

39
Q

what is a shear force

A

The action of the force is parallel
(//) to the contacting surfaces

40
Q

shear forces are applied in the —- DIRECTION OF MOVMEMTN

A

same

41
Q

what is friction force

A

The action of the force is parallel
(//) to the contacting surfaces

42
Q

the friction force is applied in the ___ direction of movement

A

opposite

43
Q

isolated force thru COM is

A

translation

44
Q

Isolated force NOT through COM
→

A

rotation and translation

45
Q

Two equal and opposite forces →

A

rotation

46
Q

what is. Two forces equal in magnitude,
opposite in direction, parallel and applied to the same object at different points

A

force couple

47
Q

The greater the force or distance between forces the greater the____

A

torque

48
Q

the longer the moment arm then

A

the greatest the torque ( vise versa)

49
Q

how many points does a bending moment take

A

3

50
Q

bending moments is common in what

A

bone fx

51
Q

what is a torsional moment

A

rotations of a segment around its long axis

52
Q

what is an example of torsional moments

A

spiral fx

53
Q

The direction of pull for any muscle is toward the ____ of the muscle

A

center

54
Q

when does movement occur

A

when teh torque of a muscle is greater than the opposing torque (ankle weight)

55
Q

The pulleys change the direction of the force (pull), without changing the ____

A

magnitude

56
Q

what is the function of the anatomical pulleys

A

to make the torque easier

57
Q

does the pulleys increase or decrease the moment arm

A

increases

58
Q

A force is applied ____ to the segment being acted on will have a larger MA

A

perpendicular

59
Q

A force applied at 0° or 180° (parallel) to the segment will have a ____ MA

A

smaller

60
Q

what is a. lever

A

any rigid segment that rotates around a fulcrum

61
Q

what has to be greater to produce rotations in the lever systems

A

effector force has to be greater than the resistance force

62
Q

1st class lever

A

axis is between the EF and RF

63
Q

2nd class lever

A

the RF is in between teh EF and axis so larger effector force

64
Q

3rd class lever

A

EF is in between teh axis and RF so RF is bigger

65
Q

what is a concentric muscle contraction

A

active shortening

66
Q

what is a eccentric muscle contraction

A

active lengthening

67
Q

whaat is a isometric contraction

A

no movement but an active muscle contraction
keeping coffe mug still between table and mouth

68
Q

The angle of application of most muscles is ____

A

small

69
Q

what is the difference between between open and closed chain

A

open chain is where the distal end of segment is free to move
closed chain is where distal end of segment is fixed

MOVEMENT SCIENCE (13 decks)

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