LECTURE 3- the vertebral column Flashcards
how many intervertebral disk do we have
23
how many vertebrae do we have
33
what is the “roof” to protect the SC
the lamina
what connects with the vertebra above and below
articulate process
what does the articulate processes resists
shear, compression, tensile and torsional forces
what is spondylolysis
where there is a fx to the pars interaticularis
what is spondyloloisthesis
when there is a fx and separation of the pars interarticularis
where is spondylosis and spondylolisthesis most common
L5-S1
what is the nucleus pulposus made up of
80% water
what is the annulus fibrosus made up of
60% water
what is the degrees of cervical , thoracic , and lumbar facet joints
C- 45
T- 60
L- 90
what does the anterior longitudinal ligament resist
extension
where does the anterior longitudinal ligament run
anterior surface of vertebra bodies from C2- sacrum
what do the fibers of the ALL blend with
annulus fibrosus
where is the ALL the thickest
lordotic regions
what does the anterior atlantooccipital and atlantoaxial membranes resist
extension
what does the posterior longitudinal ligament resist
flexion
where does the PLL run
posterior surface of vertebra bodies from C2- sacrum
what does the ligamentum flavum resist
flexion
where does the ligamentum flavum run
posterior surface of the SC
which ligament is in constant tension even in neutral
ligamentum flavum
what does the interspinous ligament resist
flexion
what does the interspinous ligament connect
SP to adjacent vertebra
what does the supraspinous ligament resist
flexion
what does the intertransverse ligament resist
lateral flexion
what does the alar ligaments resist
rotation
where are the alar ligaments
in teh atlas (C0-C2)
what does the alar ligaments limit ips and contra
ips- lateral flexion
contra- rotation
what does the facet joints resist
forward flexion and rotation
what is determined by the direction of motion pertaining to the vertebrae
orientation of the facets
what does the amount of motion available depend on in the spine
size of the disc
during flexion where does the vertebral body move
anterior
what happens with the facets during flexion
inferior facets slide up on superior facets
what happens with the vertebral body during extension
posterior tilt
what happens with the facets during extension
the inferior facets slides down on the superior facets
what happens during lateral flexion to the vertebral bodies
there is a ipsilateral compression and contra lateral opening
what happens with the facets with lateral flexion
the inferior facet on the ipslaterla side slides down on the superior facets and on the contralateral side the inferior facet slides up on the superior facet
what is flexion limited by
posterior outer annulus , facet capsules , post ligaments and mm
what is extension limited by
anterior outer annulus , facet capsules, ant lig, SP
what is considers the upper cervical spine
C0 - C2
what is considered the lower cervical spine
C3-7
what is the OA joint
C0 on C1