Random Flashcards
From places
What kind of neurons are in the the ventral tegmental area (VTA)?
Dopaminergic
Reward, emotion, & motivation
Near substantia nigra & red nucleus
Where do the neurons from the ventral tegmental area (VTA) project?
Mesolimbic system
Nucleus accumbens, amygdala, hippocampus, and prefrontal cortex
CSF abnormalities in HSV
Lymphocytic predominance: moderate WBCS
Protein: slight elevation
Glucose: normal
What medications can make absence epilepsy worse?
Lamotrigine, phenytoin, and carbamazepine/oxcarb
What are typical findings of neurosarcoid?
- Bilateral hilar adenopathy
- Bilateral cranial nerve palsies
- Encephalopathy due to a basilar meningoencephalitis
What is augmentation in restless legs syndrome?
Symptoms occurring earlier in the day and sometimes spreading from the legs to the arms
What disease are glial cytoplasmic inclusions of alpha synuclein seen?
Multiple-system atrophy (MSA)
parkinsonism, ataxia, and autonomic failure
What disease is beta-amyloid seen in?
Alzheimer’s disease
What disease is tau seen in?
Progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) Corticobasal degeneration
What disease are TDP-43, tau, and FUS seen in commonly?
Frontotemporal dementia
What treatment is likely to improve outcomes in (new onset) Bell’s Palsy?
Corticosteroids
If early, adding antiviral w/ steroid might help, but not alone
What is the most common and largest contributor to modifiable stroke risk factors?
HTN
What EEG pattern would be seen in Lennox-Gastaut background?
2-2.5 spike wave
Kugelberg-Welander syndrome
Spinal motor neuron atrophy that has a neurogenic appearance in muscle biopsy specimens
What is the demylination pattern seen in ADEM
acute disseminated encephalomyelitis
Perivascular/perivenular pattern of demyelination
