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Systemics- Urinary > Random > Flashcards

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1
Q

Entities causing hemoglobinuria

A

Copper toxicity in sheep
Zinc toxicity
Acer rubrum
Leptospirosis
Babesia

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2
Q

Stain for leptospirosis; location of leptospires

A

Warthin-Starry; PCT

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3
Q

Leptospirosis virulence factors

A

Invasive motility (flagella)
LPS
Len (leptospiral endostatin-like) proteins (LigA, Plasma factor H, LipL32)
Hemolysin
Biofilm

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4
Q

Where does Ehrlichia live?

A

Within monocytes

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5
Q

Causes of white spotted kidney in the dog

A

Canine herpesvirus 1 (puppies)
Leishmania spp.
Borrelia burgdorferi
Hepatozoon canis
Canine adenovirus 1

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6
Q

Causes of white spotted kidney in pigs

A

PRRSv
PCV2

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7
Q

Causes of white spotted kidney in cattle

A

Calves- e.coli, salmonella, brucells, lepto
Malignant catarrhal fever
Theileriosis
Lumpy skin disease

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8
Q

Cause of white spotted kidney in horses

A

Equine infectious anemia

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9
Q

Causes of white spotted kidney in sheep

A

Sheep pox
Small animal lentivirus (maedi-visna)

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10
Q

What breed has more severe Ehrlichia canis?

A

GSD

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11
Q

Morph in kidney with ehrlichiosis

A

Plamacytic nephritis
Glomerular amyloidosis

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12
Q

What unusual finding has been reported in canine leptospirosis?

A

Exudative glomerulonephritis

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13
Q

Clostridium perfrigens type D toxins

A

Alpha toxin
Epsilon toxin**- toxic to endothelium and tubular epithelium

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14
Q

Other organ affected in pulpy kidney disease

A

Brain (perivascular proteinaceous edema)

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15
Q

Salmon bacteria

A

Renibacterium salmoninarum

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16
Q

Most susceptible type of salmon to Renibacterium

A

Pacific

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17
Q

Most resistant type of salmon to Renibacterium

A

Atlantic

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18
Q

Histologic lesion with Renibacterium

A

Granulomas, macrophages contain coccobacilli

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19
Q

Key histo feature with erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae

A

Embolic nephritis

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20
Q

Pathology caused by Erysipelothrix (6 different systems)

A

Sepsis
Cutaneous
Polyarthritis
Endocarditis
Discospondyitis
Embolic nephritis

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21
Q

Cause of pyelonephritis in pigs

A

Actinobaculum suis

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22
Q

Erysipelothrix virulence factors

A

Neuraminidase
Capsular polysaccharide
Invasins
Surface proteins
SOD
Catalase

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23
Q

Morphologic characteristics of Candida

A

Narrow based budding yeast
Parallel wall, sepatate hyphae
Pseudohyphae

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24
Q

Aspergillus virulence factors

A

Beta glucan
Melanin
Ochratoxin A**- causes renal disease in pigs

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25
Q

Aspergillus morphologic features

A

Septate
Parallel walls
Dichotomous acute angle branching

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26
Q

Who gets Cloisonne kidney?

A

Goats

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27
Q

What do Basenjis get?

A

Fanconi-like syndrome (PCT disorder with paradoxical glucosuria)

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28
Q

What is the key histo finding with Fanconi-like syndrome?

A

Marked hypertrophy and karyomegaly of tubular epithelium

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29
Q

Key histo finding with Cloisonne kidney

A

Gray/brown pigmentation of BM of PCT

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30
Q

Key histo finding with membranous glomerulonephritis

A

Spikes and holes (subepithelial ICs)

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31
Q

Who gets membranous glomerulonephritis?

A

Cats

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32
Q

Who gets proliferative glomerulonephritis

A

Horses

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33
Q

Who gets membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis?

A

Hereditary in pigs
C3 deficiency in Finnish Landrace sheep and Brittany spaniels

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34
Q

Key histo findings with membranoproliferative GN?

A

Double-contoured BM “tram tracks” associated with intramembranous or subendothelial ICs

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35
Q

PTH effects on Ca/P

A

Increases Ca resorption, decreases P resorption
Increases bone resorption, decreases bone deposition
Overall, increases Ca, decreases P
Increases calcitriol (by increased 1alpha hydroxylase aka vit D production by kidney), thereby increased GI absorption of Ca and phos

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36
Q

Calcitriol effects on Ca/P

A

Increases Ca and Phosphorus overall
Increases bone resorption
Increases absorption of Ca and Phos in GI

37
Q

Most common amyloid in domestic species

A

AA

38
Q

What mice are resistant to AA amyloid?

A

A/J mice

39
Q

What breeds get familial AA amyloidosis?

A

Shar pei (medullary)
Abyssinians (medullary, glomerular)
Siamese (liver, kidney)

40
Q

Key histo findings in chronic progressive nephropathy (rats)

A

Chronic changes in all parts of nephron, metastatic mineralization (only in rats, not mice)

41
Q

Rat breeds predisposed to chronic progressive nephropathy

A

Sprague-Dawley
Fischer 344

42
Q

Key histo findings with diabetic nephropathy

A

Glomerulosclerosis
Glycogen change
Lipid emboli and fat vacuoles in mesangium

43
Q

Key histo findings with glomerular lipidosis

A

Foam cells in mesangium (microvacuoles in cystoplasm)

44
Q

Key histo finding in gout

A

Urate tophi (pathognomonic)

45
Q

Key histo findings with renal dysplasia/progressive juvenile nephropathy (6)

A

Fetal glomeruli
Primitive mesenchyme
Blind ending collecting ducts
Persistent metanephric ducts
Adenomatoid epithelial proliferation
Osseous metaplasia (rare)

46
Q

Who gets Gilbert syndrome (congenital hyperbilirubinemia)

A

Southdown sheep

47
Q

Aspergillus virulence factors

A

Ochratoxin-A (causes renal dz in pigs)
Beta glucan
Melanin

48
Q

Key histo findings with hypertensive arteriosclerosis

A

Glomerulosclerosis
Proliferative arteriosclerosis (onion skinning)
Hyaline arteriosclerosis

49
Q

Who gets autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease?

A

Bull terriers
Persian cats

50
Q

Who gets autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease?

A

West Highland and Cairn terriers
Perendale sheep

51
Q

Autosomal dominant PCKD is linked to

A

PKD-1 and PKD-2 genes

52
Q

Autosomal recessive PCKD is linked to

A

PKHD1 gene

53
Q

Lab animal prone to renal congenital cysts

A

BALB/C mice

54
Q

Key histo feature with Chediak-Higashi Syndrome

A

Large, PAS positive granules in leukocytes, platelets, hepatocytes, renal tubular epithelium, neurons, endothelial cells, melanocytes

55
Q

Cause of Chediak-Higashi Syndrome

A

Autosomal recessive defect of LYST or Beige gene causes abnormal lysosomal trafficking

56
Q

What histo finding occurs with Gilbert’s syndrome?

A

Progressive fibrosing interstitial nephritis

57
Q

Cause of Gilbert’s syndrome

A

Type III photosensitization

58
Q

What type of GN is associated with Borrelia? Other histo findings?

A

Membranoproliferative GN; tubular changes, lymphoplasmacytic interstitial nephritis

59
Q

Where does leptospira interrogans hide?

A

PCT

60
Q

Leptospirosis virulence factors

A

Invasive motility (flagella)
LPS
Len (Leptospiral endostatin-like) proteins (LigA, plasma factor H, LipL32)
Hemolysin
Biofilms

61
Q

Key histo with lepto

A

Acute- Neutrophilic tubulointerstitial nephritis
Chronic- lymphoplasmacytic tubulointerstitial nephritis

62
Q

Key histo with Ehrlichia canis

A

Plasmacytic nephritis***

63
Q

Cytotoxic venom

A

Vipers

64
Q

Neurotoxic venom

A

Elapids

65
Q

Hemotoxic venom

A

Colubrids

66
Q

Key histo with snake envenomation

A

Dilated and ruptured glomerular capillaries (mesangiolysis)
Tubular degeneration and necrosis

67
Q

What is the toxin that causes acquired alpha mannosidosis?

A

Swainsonine

68
Q

What plants have endophyte that produces swainsonine

A

Broomweed (Sida carpinifolia)
Astragalus
Oxytropis
Swainsona

69
Q

Who gets alpha mannosidosis?

A

Angus, Murray, Galloway cattle
Persian cats

70
Q

Who gets beta mannosidosis?

A

Salers cattle
Nubian goats
GSDs (MANBA gene defect)

71
Q

Key histo with mannosidosis

A

Marked cytoplasmic vacuolation of PCTs

72
Q

Normal finding in macaques

A

Syncytial cells in renal collecting tubules

73
Q

Where does chronic polypoid cystitis occur?

A

Cranioventral wall of bladder

74
Q

Who gets nephroblastomas?

A

Swine, chickens, fish
Cats and dogs less often

75
Q

Paraneoplastic syndrome in dogs with nephroblastoma

A

polycythemia,

76
Q

Tumor in german shepherd dogs

A

Ectopic nephroblastoma in thoracolumbar spinal cord of young dogs

77
Q

Key histo features of nephroblastoma

A

Epithelial- blastemal cells
Mesenchymal- loose spindle cell stroma/ fibrous, mucoid, adipose, cartilage, bone
Primitive glomeruli
Abortive tubules

78
Q

Renal cell carcinoma most common primary renal tumor in

A

Dogs, cattle, horses

79
Q

RCC has a low metastatic rate in one species, which is it?

A

Cattle

80
Q

What breed gets renal cyst/adeno- carcinoma and nodular dermatofibrosis due to mutation in Birt-Hogg-Dube gene?

A

GSD

81
Q

RCC is virally induced by

A

Ranid herpesvirus-1
Avian erythroblastosis

82
Q

What lab breed is predisposedto RCC ?

A

Longs-Evan (Eker) rats

83
Q

What paraneoplastic syndromes does RCC cause?

A

Polycythemia; hypertrophic osteopathy if pulmonary metastasis

84
Q

Infectious causes of ICGN in dogs

A

Canine adenovirus 1
Dirofilaria immitis
Borrelia burgdorferi
Leishmania infantum
Babesia gibsoni

85
Q

What breed gets canine familial glomerulonephritis

A

Bernese Mountain dog

86
Q

Infectious causes of ICGN in horses

A

Streptococcus equi
Herpesvirus
Equine infectious anemia

87
Q

Infectious causes of ICGN in cats

A

Feline leukemia virus and hematopoeitic tumors

88
Q

Noninfectious causes of ICGN

A

Heavy metal toxicosis (gold)

Systemics- Urinary (4 decks)

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