Raiders and Invaders

Question 1

Lindisfarne

Answer 1

8th June 793 ships from Norway arrived
Stole all of the monasteries treasures
Deeply shocking towards Christian Europe
Start of traders becoming raiders

Question 2

Other Monasteries

Answer 2

794 attacked Jarrow
795 raided Iona in Scotland and Rathlin in Ireland
799 raided Noirmoutier in France
865 launched an invasion of England

Question 3

Viking Raids Phase 1

Answer 3

For 30 years after 793
Small scale hit and run
2-3 ships
Avoided winter storms
Isolated on the coast

Question 4

Viking Raids Phase 2

Answer 4

From 830 onwards
30-40 ships
By 850, up to 100 ships
Began travelling inland

Question 5

Viking Raids Phase 3

Answer 5

From 850
Vikings started overwintering
Could began raids as early as Spring

Question 6

Vikings Raids Phase 4

Answer 6

865
Viking army invaded England

Question 7

Reasons for Vikings moving

Answer 7

Too many people
Poor and jealous of other lands
Shortage of good farmland
The wealth of Western Europe
The growing power of kings in Scandinavia
The weakness of Western Europe
Better ships

Question 8

Appeal of Monasteries

Answer 8

Unguarded
Coastal so easy to get to
Possibly undermining Christian beliefs
Rich rewards

Question 9

Viking Attacks on Britain

Answer 9

789 Britain suggested that the Vikings were becoming a threat
British met to trade and then got slaughtered
Raided various monasteries
835 marked the first of 200 years of attacks on Britain
Discovered that markets had better loot than monasteries

Question 10

Orkney and Shetland

Answer 10

Norwegian ships reached them in 2 days
No monasteries or trading towns but good grazing land
Vikings took the islands by force
Began to settle in 800s
Base for Viking raiders

Question 11

Ireland

Answer 11

By 700s trade links had been established
795 attacked Rathlin
Over the next 40 years the attacks continued
830 raiders came in larger fleets and were devastating
863 Clonmore monastery burned down
840s Vikings attacked inland monasteries
Dublin was for trading as well as raiding

Question 12

Frankish Empire Until 840

Answer 12

King Charlemagne deterred Viking attacks
Frisia was remote and near to Denmark
Vikings attacked Frisia but got paid to leave
Charlemagne died 814 and weakened the Frankish Empire
Vikings attacked in 834, 835 836 and 837
Louis the Pious still secured the Frankish empire
840 Louis the Pious died

Question 13

Frankish Empire after 840

Answer 13

Struggles between who would take over after Louis
841 Vikings travelled down river seine
Continued attacking places by travelling on rivers
845 King Charles the bald paid 7,500 lbs of silver
Overall the Frankish paid 44,250 lbs to protect the country

Question 14

Charles the Bald’s defences

Answer 14

Fortified bridges along the seine
Laws to prevent weapons being sold to Vikings
Monasteries hid valuables when Vikings approached
Vikings hired to fight off other Vikings

Question 15

Weapons

Answer 15

Swords - expensive, only carried by elite warriors
Axes and Spears - Common weapons
=

Question 16

Protection

Answer 16

Carried large shields
Wore helmets made of hardened leather

Question 17

Warships

Answer 17

Seamanship was distinctive advantage in warfare
Gained speed under sail
Gained speed under oars
Design allowed sailing in shallow water

Question 18

The Great Heathen Army

Answer 18

Lead by Halfdan and Ivor
Consisted of between 500 to 2000 people
Rampaged across England for 14 years
Demanded Danegeld from Anglo-Saxons
By 878 the army conquered East-Anglia and Northumbria

Question 19

Danegeld

Answer 19

Protection money

Question 20

Invasion of Great Heathen Army 865

Answer 20

Halfdan and Ivor landed in East-Anglia
King of East-Anglia bought them off with horses

Question 21

Invasion of Great Heathen Army 866-867

Answer 21

Advanced to Mercia
November 866 captured York
867 Northumbrian king was put to death
Halfdan and Ivor performed the blood eagle

Question 22

Invasion of Great Heathen Army 869

Answer 22

Vikings attacked East Anglia
Killed East Anglian king (Edmund) and took his throne

Question 23

Invasion of Great Heathen Army 870-871

Answer 23

Southern Northumbria and East Anglia now under Danish control
Attempted to takeover Wessex
Both sides lost lots of soldiers but Vikings failed

Question 24

Invasion of Great Heathen Army 873-874

Answer 24

Attacked Mercia
Overwintered in Burged
Mercian king fled to Rome and the Vikings took part of his kingdom

Question 25

Invasion of Great Heathen Army 875

Answer 25

The Great Heathen Army was split
Halfdan led one part to take full control of Northumbria
Guthrem lead the other part to attemp to take Wessex again

Question 26

Invasion of Great Heathen Army 875-878

Answer 26

At first, Wessex takeover attempts were successful
Alfred king of Wessex retreated to somerset
878 Alfred gathered and army and defeated Guthrum’s warriors in the battle of Edington
879 - Guthrum baptised as Christian and retreated to East Anglia

Question 27

Repton

Answer 27

Winter 873-874 Heathen army established camp there
Important monastery site for Mercian kings
Vikings included the monastery in their defences

Question 28

Danelaw

Answer 28

878 Alfred of Wessex and Guthrum made a peace agreement
Alfred had all land towards the south of the line
Danes were free to settle and live above it
Land was named Danelaw