Radiology In MSK

Question 1

Describe how X-rays are obtained

Answer 1

Projection of a beam of electrons through an object onto an image detector

Question 2

Define fracture

Answer 2

Complete/incomplete break in the continuity of bone

Question 3

Classification of fractures

Answer 3

1. Transverse: right angle to the long axis of bone
2. Linear: parallel to the long bone
3. Oblique: at an oblique angle to the long axis
4. Spiral
5. Compression: axial load compresses the bone beyond limit
6. Greenstick: bends & cracks
7. Comminuted: complete fracture of bone

Question 4

Two types of fracture that only occur in children

Answer 4

1. Greenstick fracture
2. Epiphyseal separation fracture: line extends through an unfused growth plate, separating epiphysis from metaphysis

Question 5

Describe the process of fracture healing

Answer 5

1. Inflammatory phase (haematoma formation, tissue death, inflammation)
2. Reparative phase (angiogenesis, fibrocartilaginous callus formation, hard callus formation)
3. Remodelling phase (fracture line becomes completely obscured)

Question 6

Describe the radiographic changes that are seen in the limbs during childhood

Answer 6

Less radio-opaque and can be easily seen on X-ray images as dark lines
-As the child grows, the growth plates become thinner, eventually disappearing

Question 7

Role of CT in imaging the MSK system

Question 8

Role of MRI in imaging the MSK system