Hand & Wrist Flashcards
What is the wrist comprised of
Distal radius
Triangular fibrocartilage complex
Scaphoid
Lunate
What type of joint is the wrist
Ellipsoid joint/Condyloid joint
What movements does the wrist enable
Flexion
Extension
Adduction
Abduction
at the wrist
Flexors of the wrist
Flexor carpi ulnaris
Flexor carpi radial is
Palmar is longus (weak flexor)
Long flexors:
Flexor digitorum superficialis
Flexor digitorum profundus
Flexor pollicis longus
Extenders of the wrist
Extensor carpi radialis longus
Extensor carpi brevis
Extensor carpi ulnaris
Assistance:
Extensor digitorum
Extensor indices
Extensor digiti minimi
Extensor pollicis longus
Extensor pollicis brevis
Abductor pollicis longus
What ligaments stabilises the wrist joint
Dorsal & palmar radiocarpal ligaments (dorsal-palmar surface)
Ulnar & radial collateral ligaments (ulnar-radial)
ADductor (ulnar deviation) of the wrist
Extensor carpi ulnaris
Flexor carpi ulnaris
ABductor of the wrist
Extensor carpi radialis longus
Extensor carpi radialis brevis
Flexor carpi radialis
How is blood to the scaphoid supplied
Major supply (85%) is by the dorsal carpal branch of the radial artery.
It enters the dorsal surface of the scaphoid distally by retrograde flow.
What are the 4 compartments of the intrinsic muscles of the hand
Thenar compartment
Adductor compartment
Hyperthenar compartment
Central compartment
What are the 4 muscles in the Thenar compartment
Flexor pollicis brevis
ABductor pollicis brevis
Opponens pollicis
Innervation of the Thenar compartment
Median nerve
Except, flexor pollicis brevis (Ulnar nerve)
Muscle in the ADductor compartment
Adductor pollicis
Action of Opponens pollicis
Opposition of thumb
Action of ABductor pollicis brevis
Palmar ABduction of the thumb at the wrist
Action of Flexor pollicis brevis
Flexion of metacarpophalangeal joint of the thumb at the wrist ?
Action of ADductor pollicis
Adduction of the thumb
Muscles in the Hypothenar compartment
Extensor digiti minimi brevis
ABductor digiti minimi
Opponens digiti minimi
Innervation of muscles in the Hypothenar compartment
Ulnar nerve
Action of Opponens digiti minimi
Rotation of the 5th metacarpal towards the palm
Opposition against the thumb
Action of ABductor digiti minimi
Abduction of little finger
Action of Flexor digiti minimi brevis
Flexion of metacarpophalangeal joint of little finger
Action of Flexor digiti minimi brevis
Flexion of metacarpophalangeal joint of little finger
Muscles int he Central compartment of the hand
Palmaris brevis
Palmar, dorsal interossei
4 lumbricals
Innervation of the radial two lumbricals
Median nerve
Innervation of the ulnar two lumbricals
Ulnar nerve
Action of the Palmaris brevis
Improves grip
Wrinkles the skin of the Hypothenar eminence
Action of thee four lumbricals in the hand
At contraction,
Flexion of the fingers at the metacarpophalangeal joint & Extension at the interphaangeal joints
Which lumbricals are unipeenate and what does this mean
Lumbricals I & II
All muscle fibres are on the same side of the tendon
Which lumbricals are bipennate and what does this mean
Lumbricals III & IV
Muscle fibres on both sides of the tendon
Origin of the Lumbricals
FDP (Flexor Digitorum profundus)
Innervation of the Lumbricals
I & II: Median
III & IV: Ulnar
Insertion of Lumbricals
ED (Extensor digitorum)
Innervation of the interossei
Ulnar nerve
Action of dorsal interossei
ABduciton
DAB
Action of palmar interossei
ADduction
PAD
What are the extrinsic muscles of the hand
Extensor digitorum
Flexor digitorum profundus
Flexor digitorum superficialis
Borders of the carpal tunnel
Roof: Flexor Retinaculum
Floor: Hamate, Capitate, Trapezoid, Trapezium
Contents of the carpal tunnel
Flexor pollicis longus tendon
Flexor digitorum superficialis tendons (×4)
Flexor digitorum profundus tendons (×4)
Median nerve
What are the muscles in posterior compartment of the forearm
Brachioradialis
Extensor carpi radialis longus
Extensor carpi radialis brevis
Extensor digitorum
Extensor digiti minimi
Extensor carpi ulnaris
Anconeus
