Hand & Wrist Flashcards by Mai O

What is the wrist comprised of

Distal radius
Triangular fibrocartilage complex
Scaphoid
Lunate

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What type of joint is the wrist

Ellipsoid joint/Condyloid joint

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What movements does the wrist enable

Flexion
Extension
Adduction
Abduction

at the wrist

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Flexors of the wrist

Flexor carpi ulnaris
Flexor carpi radial is
Palmar is longus (weak flexor)

Long flexors:
Flexor digitorum superficialis
Flexor digitorum profundus
Flexor pollicis longus

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Extenders of the wrist

Extensor carpi radialis longus
Extensor carpi brevis
Extensor carpi ulnaris

Assistance:
Extensor digitorum
Extensor indices
Extensor digiti minimi
Extensor pollicis longus
Extensor pollicis brevis
Abductor pollicis longus

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What ligaments stabilises the wrist joint

Dorsal & palmar radiocarpal ligaments (dorsal-palmar surface)

Ulnar & radial collateral ligaments (ulnar-radial)

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ADductor (ulnar deviation) of the wrist

Extensor carpi ulnaris
Flexor carpi ulnaris

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ABductor of the wrist

Extensor carpi radialis longus
Extensor carpi radialis brevis
Flexor carpi radialis

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How is blood to the scaphoid supplied

Major supply (85%) is by the dorsal carpal branch of the radial artery.
It enters the dorsal surface of the scaphoid distally by retrograde flow.

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What are the 4 compartments of the intrinsic muscles of the hand

Thenar compartment
Adductor compartment
Hyperthenar compartment
Central compartment

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What are the 4 muscles in the Thenar compartment

Flexor pollicis brevis
ABductor pollicis brevis
Opponens pollicis

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Innervation of the Thenar compartment

Median nerve
Except, flexor pollicis brevis (Ulnar nerve)

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Muscle in the ADductor compartment

Adductor pollicis

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Action of Opponens pollicis

Opposition of thumb

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Action of ABductor pollicis brevis

Palmar ABduction of the thumb at the wrist

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Action of Flexor pollicis brevis

Flexion of metacarpophalangeal joint of the thumb at the wrist ?

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Action of ADductor pollicis

Adduction of the thumb

Muscles in the Hypothenar compartment

Extensor digiti minimi brevis
ABductor digiti minimi
Opponens digiti minimi

Innervation of muscles in the Hypothenar compartment

Ulnar nerve

Action of Opponens digiti minimi

Rotation of the 5th metacarpal towards the palm
Opposition against the thumb

Action of ABductor digiti minimi

Abduction of little finger

Action of Flexor digiti minimi brevis

Flexion of metacarpophalangeal joint of little finger

Action of Flexor digiti minimi brevis

Flexion of metacarpophalangeal joint of little finger

Muscles int he Central compartment of the hand

Palmaris brevis
Palmar, dorsal interossei
4 lumbricals

Innervation of the radial two lumbricals

Median nerve

Innervation of the ulnar two lumbricals

Ulnar nerve

Action of the Palmaris brevis

Improves grip Wrinkles the skin of the Hypothenar eminence

Action of thee four lumbricals in the hand

At contraction, Flexion of the fingers at the metacarpophalangeal joint & Extension at the interphaangeal joints

Which lumbricals are unipeenate and what does this mean

Lumbricals I & II All muscle fibres are on the same side of the tendon

Which lumbricals are bipennate and what does this mean

Lumbricals III & IV Muscle fibres on both sides of the tendon

Origin of the Lumbricals

FDP (Flexor Digitorum profundus)

Innervation of the Lumbricals

I & II: Median III & IV: Ulnar

Insertion of Lumbricals

ED (Extensor digitorum)

Innervation of the interossei

Ulnar nerve

Action of dorsal interossei

ABduciton DAB

Action of palmar interossei

ADduction PAD

What are the extrinsic muscles of the hand

Extensor digitorum Flexor digitorum profundus Flexor digitorum superficialis

Borders of the carpal tunnel

Roof: Flexor Retinaculum Floor: Hamate, Capitate, Trapezoid, Trapezium

Contents of the carpal tunnel

Flexor pollicis longus tendon Flexor digitorum superficialis tendons (×4) Flexor digitorum profundus tendons (×4) Median nerve

What are the muscles in posterior compartment of the forearm

Brachioradialis Extensor carpi radialis longus Extensor carpi radialis brevis Extensor digitorum Extensor digiti minimi Extensor carpi ulnaris Anconeus