Foot & Ankle Flashcards
Functions of talus
transmit forces from the tibia to the heel bone (calcaneus). It is wider anteriorly compared to posteriorly which provides additional stability to the ankle
Why is the talus at risk of avascular necrosis
No muscle originate from/insert onto it which means the vascular supply is dependent on fascial structures.
By what ligaments and joint is tibia and fibula bound together
strong tibiofibular ligaments
distal tibiofibular joint
What are the only movements that take place at the ankle joint
dorsiflexion and plantarflexion
Where does the inversion and eversion of the food occur
subtalar, calcaneocuboid, talocalcaneonavicular joints
What is the functional significance of inversion and eversion
Allow walking on uneven surfaces
By which muscles is eversion produced
Peroneus longus, brevis, tertius
By which muscles is inversion produced
Tibialis anterior, posterior
What are the main weight bearing bones during standing
Heel and the heads of metatarsals
What are the 4 muscles in the anterior compartment of the leg
Tibialis anterior, extensor digitorum longus, extensor hallucis longus, peroneus tertius
By what nerve and artery is the anterior compartment of the leg supplied
Nerve: Deep peroneal nerve
Artery: Anterior tibial artery
What is the innervation for the anterior leg
Deep fibular nerve
What are the 2 muscles in the lateral compartment of leg
Peroneus longus, brevis
What are the functions of the lateral leg
Stabilise the medial margin of the foot during running and prevent excessive inversion
What is the innervation of the lateral leg
Superficial fibular nerve
What is the innervation of the posterior leg
Tibial nerve
What are the 3 muscles in the superficial posterior compartment
Gastrocnemius
Plantaris
Soleus
What are the two bursae associated with the calcaneal tendon
Subcutaneous calcaneal bursa
Deep calcaneal bursa
What are the 4 muscles in the deep posterior compartment of leg
Popliteus
Tibialis posterior
Flexor hallucis longus
Flexor digitorum longus
Which muscle unlocks the knee joint so that flexion can occur
Popliteus
Describe the position of the tibialis posterior
Deepest of the four muscles in deep posterior leg
Lies between flexor digitorum longus and flexor hallucis longus
