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11 Neonatology > Radiology > Flashcards

Radiology Flashcards

1
Q

injuries that can be sustained during birthing process

A

extracalvarial bleeding: cephalhematoma and caput succadaneum

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2
Q

soft, fluctuant mass or swelling of the scalp located in middle and posterior parietal regions and occiput

A

cephalhematoma

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3
Q

t/f incision and drainage is done in cephalhematoma

A

false, due to risk of infection

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4
Q

uniform thickening of the scalp that crosses the calvarial sutures

A

caput succadaneum

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5
Q

differential diagnosis for caput succadaneum

A

cranium meningocoele: (+) pulsations, (+) baby cries when pressure is applied

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6
Q

origin location and shape of epidural hematomas

A

o: arterial
l: above the dura
s: elliptical/lentiform/biconvex (lemon)

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7
Q

location of epidural hemorrhages in relation to tentorium cerebelli and regions of the brain

A

tc: 95% supratentorial
regions: 60% temporoparietal, 20% frontal, 20% parieto-occipital

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8
Q

origin location and shape of subdural hematoma

A

o: dural vessels
l: beneath the dura
s: crescentic (banana)

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9
Q

t/f ct scan is more requested than mri for hematomas

A

true

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10
Q

t/f subdural hematomas are limited by sutures

A

false

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11
Q

subdural hematomas are related to __

A

increased pressure in the brain

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12
Q

origin and location of subarachnoid hematomas

A

o: pia and arachnoid arteries
l: between arachnoid and inner leptomeningeal, collects within the falx and brain sulci

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13
Q

intracranial hemorrhage in the premature infant is secondary to

A

hypoxia and prematurity (common in <35 aog and <1500 g)

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14
Q

origin of ih in premature

A

subependymal germinal matrix of choroid plexus of lateral ventricles

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15
Q

classification of intracranial hemorrhage

A

read

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16
Q

t/f mri has twice the sensitivity of uts in detecting germinal matrix hemorrhage and intraventricular hemorrhage

A

true

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17
Q

what lesion has well circumscribed hypodensity with hyerdense margins, shifted structures, and enhancement of periphery with contrast?

A

abscess or empyema

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18
Q

ct scans that show enhancements of sulci, similar to subarachnoid hemorrhage

A

meningitis

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19
Q

how to distinguish meningitis and subarachnoid hemorrhage

A

contrast material needed for meningitis

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20
Q

causes of hydrocephalus

A

obstruction to the flow of csf
faulty absorption of csf
excessive fluid production

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21
Q

communicating vs non communicating hydrocephalus

A

communicating: outside ventricles

non-communicating: within ventricles

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22
Q

etiologies of congenital hydrocephalus

A

torch (toxoplasmosis, others, rubella, cmv, herpes)
congenital aqueductal stenosis
dandy walker cyst
intracranial tumors

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23
Q

etiologies of acquired hydrocephalus

A

infections, hemorrhage, tumors

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24
Q

ttn is not a disease and is secondary to ___

A

absence of squeezing of the thorax, apparent after 2-4 hours and resloves after 24-48 hrs

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25
Q

radiologic findings in ttn

A
  • fine perihilar streak opacities

- minimal coarse reticular opacities in the inner lung zones

26
Q

t/f ttn doesn’t need a repeat xray after symptoms subside

A

false, need to check if it resolved spontaneously

27
Q

t/f bacterial pneumonia is smore aggressive than viral

A

true

28
Q

radiologic findings in bacterial pneumonia

A
  • coarse, patchy parenchymal densities or peribronchial opacities
  • (+) consolidations
  • (+) air bronchograms
  • (+) pleural effusion
29
Q

radiologic findings in viral pneumonia

A

radiating parahilar streakiness

diffuse, hazy or reticulonodular opacities in both lungs

30
Q

old name for surfactant deficiency disease

A

hyaline membrane disease or rds

31
Q

radiologic findings in surfactant deficiency disease

A

ground glass opacities on both lungs

32
Q

t/f surfactant deficiency disease doesnt need an xray before administration of surfactsnt

A

false, needs xray because surfactant is expensive

33
Q

differential diagnosis for hyaline membrane disease

A

congenital heart lesions manifesting with pronounced pulmonary venous obstruction

34
Q

a hypoxia induced vagal response that results in increased gi peristaltic activity, more seen in postmature infants

A

meconium aspiration syndrome

35
Q

radiologic findings in meconium aspiration syndrome

A

lung overaeration

bilateral nodular densities

36
Q

congenital lobar overinflation is secondary to ___

A

segmental bronchial cartilage underdevelopment

37
Q

on pe, congenital lobar overinflation is seen as __

A

hyperresonant hemithorax

38
Q

radiologic findings in congenital lobar overinflation

A

40-45% left upper lobe, 30% right middle lobe, 20% right upper lobe

  • lobe is overdistended and lucent
  • shifting of mediastinum to contralateral side of involved lobe
39
Q

examples of active congestion

A

left to right shunts = reduced co = decreased tissue oxygenation

lesions with preferential blood flow to lower pressure pulmonary circulation

40
Q

passive congestion is seen in cases of pulmonary venous hypertension such as

A

left side myocardial dysfunction

left side obstructive lesions

41
Q

how to distinguish increased vs normal pulmonary vascularity

A

increased: hyperdensities in inner lung zones

42
Q

what happens in decreased pulmonary vascularity

A

r-l shunt -> less blood flow to lungs -> decreased tissue oxygenation -> cyanosis

cxr: pulmonary oligemia (cannot see pulmo vessels)

43
Q

radiographic findings in tof

A

boot shaped heart, upturned cardiac apex due to rvh

shop for a tof

44
Q

most common cause of cyanosis, common within first 24 hrs of life

A

toga: egg on a string

45
Q

modality of choice for hydronephrosis

A

uts

46
Q

findings in congenital megacalyces

A
  • enlargement of the calyces

- kidneys large for age

47
Q

classifications of renal cystic disease

A

1: infantile polycystic
2: multicystic dysplastic
3: adult polycystic
4: cortical cysts with obstructive hydronephrosis

48
Q

most common renal neoplasm in childhood but not in neonates

A

wilm’s tumor

49
Q

benign and malignant forms of wilm’s tumor

A

benign: renal blastoma
malignant: rhabdoid form

50
Q

most common renal tumor of the neonate

A

benign fetal mesoblastic nephroma

51
Q

imaging modality of choice for transient esophageal hypotonia of the neonate

A

esophagogram

52
Q

presentation of hypertrophic pyloric stenosis

A

vomiting, regurgitation, difficulty feeding, NO BILE IN VOMITUS 2-8 weeks after birth

palpable lesion at epigastric area

53
Q

modality of choice for hypertrophic pyloric stenosis

A

uts

54
Q

gastric volvulus is associated with

A

diaphragmatic hernia (stomach appears distended and inverted)

55
Q

most common gastric tumor in neonates

A

gastric teratoma: mass lesion with calcifications (any modality)

56
Q

presentation of duodenal atresia/stenosis

A

vomiting in the first hours of life, WITH BILE

finding: double bubble sign

57
Q

findings in small bowel atresia

A
  • multiple air fluid levels

- “soap bubble” appearance / triple bubble

58
Q

presentation of meconium plug syndrome

A

abdominal distention, vomiting, no meconium

multiple dilated bowel loops and multiple filling defects

59
Q

most affected part of Hirschsprung disease

A

distal colon (rectum or rectosigmoid)

finding: affected bowel small, dilated proximally

60
Q

etiologic factors for nec

A

intestinal ischemia or hypoperfusion
bacterial overgrowth
continued irritation of bowel by oral feedings

61
Q

findings in nec

A

intestinal distention*
air in bowel wall
air in portal tracts
pneumoperitoneum

11 Neonatology (9 decks)

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