radiology

Question 1

things to consider with regards to the safety of imaging

Answer 1

location- barium enema
amt of radiation
timing of exposure

Question 2

mGy

Answer 2

micrograys
10mGy= 1 ray

the amt of radiation it takes for a tissue to absorb one jule

Question 3

growth restriction and skeletal anomalies occur at

Answer 3

200 mGy

2-8 weeks after conception

Question 4

radiation may increase the risk of what type of mutations

Answer 4

natural

NOT de novo

Question 5

before implantation effects

Answer 5

all or nothing

50-100mGy or more

Question 6

during organogenesis

Answer 6

2-8 weeks

see congenital anomalies >200mgy

growth restriction>250

Question 7

during fetal perion

Answer 7

8-15 weeks

see severe intellectual disability (60-310)
intellectual deficit is 25 IQ points for every 1000mGy

microcephaly 200 mgy

Question 8

CXR radiation dose

Answer 8

.01mGY

CT .66mGY
abdominal CT 1.3-35 `
pelvic CT 10-50 mGY

spiral CT over VQ

Question 9

MRI contrast gadolinium is associated with what negative outcome

Answer 9

nephrogenic systemic fibrosis

especially in free form

Question 10

what is the error of uL

Answer 10

9 WEEKS: 5d
9-just 16 weeks: 7 days

16-22: 14 days

28-term: 21 days

Question 11

multiple c sections put you at risk for

Answer 11

placenta accreta

placenta previa

Question 12

CVS done at

Answer 12

10-13 weeks

biopsy of placental tissue

Question 13

causes of polyhydramnios

Answer 13

dm
upper GI obstruction
chromosomal abnormalities
muscular lesion affection swallowing

Question 14

1st trimester ULS is for

Answer 14

confirming viability and dates

diagnosing multi pregnancies

r/o ectopic or molar

removing IUD

NT and CVS

Question 15

2nd trimester ULS is for

Answer 15

screening for fetal anomalies

amnio

assessing gestational

placental localization and evaluation co

Question 16

components to 2nd trimester uLS

Answer 16

Gest age and fetal growth

fetal position, number, and natomy

placenta location

amniotic fluid level

uterine eval

cervical eval >2.5

if less than 2cm worry about funneling

Question 17

if cervical funneling is suspected

Answer 17

can do cerclage if >22weeks

hourglassing suggest incompetent cervix (when membrane in below vagina)

Question 18

nml AFI

Answer 18

5-20CM

Question 19

Polyhydramnios

Answer 19

AFO>20

Question 20

causes of polyhydramnios

Answer 20

DM
duodenal atresia (double bubble)
absence of stomach bubble on TEE fistula

also with chromosomal abnormalities

and muscular lesion affecting swalloing

Question 21

olighydramnios

Answer 21

AFI<5

absent fetal renal tissue or lower urinary tract obstruction

also Potter syndrome (sever polycystic kidney disease in fetus)

IGUR
maternal dehydration

Question 22

fetal amniotic survey includes

Answer 22

CNS
Cardiopulm
GU
MSK
Umbilical cord
fetal exterior

Question 23

normal cerebral centricls

Answer 23

<10mm

Question 24

what GU assessments can you do in a level II ULS

Answer 24

kidney and bladder

not ureters or urthera

can see hypospadias

autosomal recessive polcystic kidney dz

Question 25

sacrococcygela teratoma

Answer 25

tumor usually benign of the tailbone

Question 26

echogenic bowel on ULS is associated with

Answer 26

trisomy 21
cystic fibrosis
intrauterine bleeding
intrauterine infxz -CMV and toxo

Question 27

hypoterlorism

Answer 27

eyes are close together

Question 28

3rd trimester ULS look at

Answer 28

fetal growth

Question 29

IUGR<10%

Answer 29

IUGR<10% for gestational age d/t chromosomal abnormality
renal dz
htn
lupus
prenatal infx
thrombopohilia 
placenta abnormalities
genetic factors 
amniotic volume

Question 30

amniotic fluid volume is an indicator of

Answer 30

fetal renal output

if low output fetus has increased perinatal mortality