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Clinical > Radiology > Flashcards

Radiology Flashcards

1
Q

Where is flexor enthesopathy located in a dog?

A

Medial epicondyle of the humerus - attachment of the flexor muscles

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2
Q

What is the difference between concomitant and primary?

A

Concomitant - with associated elbow dysplasia or medial coronoid disease

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3
Q

What is the main radiographic signs of flexor enthesopathy in a dog?

A

Irregular medial epicondyle “spur” - 1st (66%) Periarticular mineralization - 41%

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4
Q

DDx for bilateral HUGE renal silhouettes? Slightly enlarged?

A
  1. HUGE
    1. Perinephric pseudocysts in cat
    2. FIP
    3. Lyphoma
    4. Hydronephrosis
  2. Slightly
    1. AKI
    2. PSS
    3. Amyloidosis
    4. Acromegaly
    5. Early stages of all the ones above
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5
Q

DDx for single HUGE kidney? Slightly enlarged?

A
  1. HUGE
    1. Hydronephrosis
    2. Neoplasia
    3. Subcapsular hematoma or abscess
    4. Perinephric pseudocyst
  2. Mild
    1. Neoplasia
    2. Compensatory hypertrophy
    3. Subcapsular hematoma or abscess
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6
Q

Discospondylitis… you must test for what zoonotic bacteria?

A

Brucella

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7
Q

Differentials for diffuse dilated esophagus

A
  1. Esophagitis
  2. Megaeshagus
    1. Hypothyroid
    2. Addisons
    3. Lead
    4. MG
    5. Obstruction
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8
Q

Fluid in the esophagus is normal in what lateral view in a dog?

A

Left Lateral

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9
Q

If the heart is greater than what % of the thorax on DV then it is considered enlarged?

A

65%

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10
Q

What views should you use to look for free air in the abdomen of a small animal?

A
  1. Left lateral position then take horizontal beam- moves fundus and colon out of the way
  2. Then do VD position with horizontal beam- moves fundus out of the way
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11
Q

What breeds have screwed up chest that may look like pleural effusion?

A

Dachshunds and Bassets

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12
Q

DICOM stands for?

A

Digital imaging and communication in medicine

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13
Q

Youngest age that PennHIP can be utilized?

A

6 months

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14
Q

Vitaminosis A (excess) produces

A

Anklosing spondylopathy of the cranial body

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15
Q

Name the sesamoid of the carpus joint?

A

Tendon of the abductor pollicus longus

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16
Q

Youngest age that (Orthopedic Foundation for Animals) OFA can be utilized?

A

24-36 months

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17
Q

For hip dysplasia what is the corrective surgery you could use for young dogs?

A

TPO (~12mo) - must have good acetabulum

However, if on PennHip the head of the femur does not go back into the acetabulum.. there may be a fibrous plug there and therefore they are not good canidates

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18
Q

Distal deviation of the medial fabella is indicative of….

A

Rupture of the medial head of the gastronemius muscle

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19
Q

What is the best view for evaluating the width of the metacarpophanlangeal, prox. interphalangeal and distal interphalangeal joints in a horse?

A

Dorsal 45 degree proximal-palmarodistal

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20
Q

Different layers of the hoof wall that give difference in contrast in a horse?

A

Stratum medium and stratum internum

That is the “white line”

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21
Q

What view highlights the navicular bone?

A
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22
Q

How to objectively measure liver size?

A

Draw line from CVC to end of ventral liver and compare to T11

Normal: 5.5
Brachy normal: 5.16
Pekingese: 4.64

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23
Q

What parasite can cause enlargement of the liver and mineralization… in the SW?

A

Echinococcosis

24
Q

Gall bladder volume is normally…. in dogs? Cats?

A

1ml/kg - Dogs
2.4ml no matter the size - cats

25
Q

Calculation for gallbladder volume?

A

Height x width x length x 0.52

26
Q

Gall bladder wall thickness for cats? Dogs?

A

Cats - 1mm
Dogs - 1-2mm

27
Q

Common bile duct diameter in cats? Dogs?

A

Cats - 4mm
Dogs - 2-3mm

28
Q

Most common primary tumor in canine liver?

A

Hepatocellular carcinoma

29
Q

Is metastatic or primary tumors more common in the liver?

A

Metastatic - 2.5x more likely.

30
Q

Most common primary liver tumor in cats?

A

Biliary cystadenoma

31
Q

When to think hepatic nodular hyperplasia?

A

OLD DOGS

32
Q

How much should the gallbladder reduce in volume after eating?

A

~25%

33
Q

In cats - gall bladder distention is the most senesitive and specific sign for biliary duct obstruction - T/F

A

False - this happens in less than half

34
Q

Distention of the lobar duct system may take how long so show up ultrasonographically after an obstruction of the common bile duct is noted?

A

7 days.

35
Q

Which type (dog) has cervical spondylomyelopathy characterized with protrusion of the disc, hypertrophy of the dorsal longitudinal ligament and stenosis of the vertebral canal?

A

Doberman’s - late onset ~6 years

36
Q

Which type (dog) has cervical spondylomyelopathy characterized with articular process malformation and hyperostosis?

A

Great dane - young

37
Q

What dog breeds have highest incidents of insulinomas?

A

Boxers, Irish setters and GSD

38
Q

When should you screen for DIRT (distal intercondylar ridge of the tibia) lesions in horse? Why?

A

6-18 months because that is when the lesions become radiographically stable

39
Q

What is the atlantodental interval?

A

Slit-like space between the posterior aspect of the anterior ring of C1 and the anterior aspect of the dens

<3mm adults

<5mm youngsters

40
Q

Nodular interstitial pattern (structured) ddx

A

Primary tumor

mets

Granuloma

Abscess

41
Q

How can you tell the difference between a primary tumor or abscess on rads?

A

Abscess walls will look fuzzy and pleural effusion may be present

Primary tumor is quiet with well defined borders

CAVITATION DOES NOT MEAN ABSCESS!!!!!!!!!! can be primary

42
Q

Mediastinal lesions are where?

A

Crainal thorax or mid-line causing expansion of the mediastium

43
Q

Thoracic wall mass indicator?

A

Rib involvement

44
Q

If you have a fucked up limb and don’t know what it is…what is your next step?

A

Contralateral limb rads

45
Q

Cavitated lesion… how can you prove there is gas and fluid in it on rads?

A

Horizontal beam

46
Q

5 lung patterns

A

Vascular

Structure interstitial (nodular)

Unstructure interstitial

alveolar

bronchial

47
Q

Right side heart failure can cause what type of fluid?

A

Pleural and abdominal

Ddx:

Pulmonary hypertension

Heart worm

pulmonic stenosis

48
Q

Can lymphadenopathy cause limb edema?

A

Yes

49
Q

What is this finding?

A

Mineralization of the gluteal muscle… inicidental in older dogs

50
Q

What is this and why?

A

Swelling of the joint with periosteal response.

DDx: Chronic infectious, inflammatory, hemorrhage and less likely neoplastic

Reasoning: Smooth bone, degenerative changes

51
Q

What is the difference between these?

A

Medial ridge of the talus is eroded

Capsular swelling

periosteal response

Ddx: Chronic djd with acute inflammatory or infectious or neoplasia

Or

Chronic inflammatory/infectious causing DJD

52
Q

Testicle nodules are almost always what?

A

Benign neoplasms (leydig, interstitial cell)

If retained it may be sertoli cell which can be malignant.

53
Q

Ddx for hyperechoic cortex of kidney

A

Fatty deposition - mostly in cats but also in dogs

nephritis

neoplasia

amaladosis

ethalyn glycol

FIP

renal dyplasia

nephrocalcinosis

hypercalcium

54
Q
A
55
Q
A
56
Q
A
57
Q
A

Clinical (12 decks)

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