Radiology Flashcards
Where is flexor enthesopathy located in a dog?
Medial epicondyle of the humerus - attachment of the flexor muscles
What is the difference between concomitant and primary?
Concomitant - with associated elbow dysplasia or medial coronoid disease
What is the main radiographic signs of flexor enthesopathy in a dog?
Irregular medial epicondyle “spur” - 1st (66%) Periarticular mineralization - 41%
DDx for bilateral HUGE renal silhouettes? Slightly enlarged?
- HUGE
- Perinephric pseudocysts in cat
- FIP
- Lyphoma
- Hydronephrosis
- Slightly
- AKI
- PSS
- Amyloidosis
- Acromegaly
- Early stages of all the ones above
DDx for single HUGE kidney? Slightly enlarged?
- HUGE
- Hydronephrosis
- Neoplasia
- Subcapsular hematoma or abscess
- Perinephric pseudocyst
- Mild
- Neoplasia
- Compensatory hypertrophy
- Subcapsular hematoma or abscess
Discospondylitis… you must test for what zoonotic bacteria?
Brucella
Differentials for diffuse dilated esophagus
- Esophagitis
- Megaeshagus
- Hypothyroid
- Addisons
- Lead
- MG
- Obstruction
Fluid in the esophagus is normal in what lateral view in a dog?
Left Lateral
If the heart is greater than what % of the thorax on DV then it is considered enlarged?
65%
What views should you use to look for free air in the abdomen of a small animal?
- Left lateral position then take horizontal beam- moves fundus and colon out of the way
- Then do VD position with horizontal beam- moves fundus out of the way
What breeds have screwed up chest that may look like pleural effusion?
Dachshunds and Bassets
DICOM stands for?
Digital imaging and communication in medicine
Youngest age that PennHIP can be utilized?
6 months
Vitaminosis A (excess) produces
Anklosing spondylopathy of the cranial body
Name the sesamoid of the carpus joint?
Tendon of the abductor pollicus longus
Youngest age that (Orthopedic Foundation for Animals) OFA can be utilized?
24-36 months
For hip dysplasia what is the corrective surgery you could use for young dogs?
TPO (~12mo) - must have good acetabulum
However, if on PennHip the head of the femur does not go back into the acetabulum.. there may be a fibrous plug there and therefore they are not good canidates
Distal deviation of the medial fabella is indicative of….
Rupture of the medial head of the gastronemius muscle
What is the best view for evaluating the width of the metacarpophanlangeal, prox. interphalangeal and distal interphalangeal joints in a horse?
Dorsal 45 degree proximal-palmarodistal
Different layers of the hoof wall that give difference in contrast in a horse?
Stratum medium and stratum internum
That is the “white line”
What view highlights the navicular bone?
How to objectively measure liver size?
Draw line from CVC to end of ventral liver and compare to T11
Normal: 5.5
Brachy normal: 5.16
Pekingese: 4.64
What parasite can cause enlargement of the liver and mineralization… in the SW?
Echinococcosis
Gall bladder volume is normally…. in dogs? Cats?
1ml/kg - Dogs
2.4ml no matter the size - cats
Calculation for gallbladder volume?
Height x width x length x 0.52
Gall bladder wall thickness for cats? Dogs?
Cats - 1mm
Dogs - 1-2mm
Common bile duct diameter in cats? Dogs?
Cats - 4mm
Dogs - 2-3mm
Most common primary tumor in canine liver?
Hepatocellular carcinoma
Is metastatic or primary tumors more common in the liver?
Metastatic - 2.5x more likely.
Most common primary liver tumor in cats?
Biliary cystadenoma
When to think hepatic nodular hyperplasia?
OLD DOGS
How much should the gallbladder reduce in volume after eating?
~25%
In cats - gall bladder distention is the most senesitive and specific sign for biliary duct obstruction - T/F
False - this happens in less than half
Distention of the lobar duct system may take how long so show up ultrasonographically after an obstruction of the common bile duct is noted?
7 days.
Which type (dog) has cervical spondylomyelopathy characterized with protrusion of the disc, hypertrophy of the dorsal longitudinal ligament and stenosis of the vertebral canal?
Doberman’s - late onset ~6 years
Which type (dog) has cervical spondylomyelopathy characterized with articular process malformation and hyperostosis?
Great dane - young
What dog breeds have highest incidents of insulinomas?
Boxers, Irish setters and GSD
When should you screen for DIRT (distal intercondylar ridge of the tibia) lesions in horse? Why?
6-18 months because that is when the lesions become radiographically stable
What is the atlantodental interval?
Slit-like space between the posterior aspect of the anterior ring of C1 and the anterior aspect of the dens
<3mm adults
<5mm youngsters
Nodular interstitial pattern (structured) ddx
Primary tumor
mets
Granuloma
Abscess
How can you tell the difference between a primary tumor or abscess on rads?
Abscess walls will look fuzzy and pleural effusion may be present
Primary tumor is quiet with well defined borders
CAVITATION DOES NOT MEAN ABSCESS!!!!!!!!!! can be primary
Mediastinal lesions are where?
Crainal thorax or mid-line causing expansion of the mediastium
Thoracic wall mass indicator?
Rib involvement
If you have a fucked up limb and don’t know what it is…what is your next step?
Contralateral limb rads
Cavitated lesion… how can you prove there is gas and fluid in it on rads?
Horizontal beam
5 lung patterns
Vascular
Structure interstitial (nodular)
Unstructure interstitial
alveolar
bronchial
Right side heart failure can cause what type of fluid?
Pleural and abdominal
Ddx:
Pulmonary hypertension
Heart worm
pulmonic stenosis
Can lymphadenopathy cause limb edema?
Yes
What is this finding?
Mineralization of the gluteal muscle… inicidental in older dogs
What is this and why?
Swelling of the joint with periosteal response.
DDx: Chronic infectious, inflammatory, hemorrhage and less likely neoplastic
Reasoning: Smooth bone, degenerative changes
What is the difference between these?
Medial ridge of the talus is eroded
Capsular swelling
periosteal response
Ddx: Chronic djd with acute inflammatory or infectious or neoplasia
Or
Chronic inflammatory/infectious causing DJD
Testicle nodules are almost always what?
Benign neoplasms (leydig, interstitial cell)
If retained it may be sertoli cell which can be malignant.
Ddx for hyperechoic cortex of kidney
Fatty deposition - mostly in cats but also in dogs
nephritis
neoplasia
amaladosis
ethalyn glycol
FIP
renal dyplasia
nephrocalcinosis
hypercalcium
