Large Animal

Question 1

What compartment of the stomach has two-phase contraction on US?

Answer 1

Reticulum

Question 2

Is GI lymphoma a thing in cows? If so where?

Answer 2

Abomasum

Question 3

Majority of lameness in the front limb of a horse occurs where?

Answer 3

Carpus or distal

Question 4

What is this called?

Answer 4

Ossification of the ungular cartilage bilaterally.

Clinical relevance unknown. May be significant if nothing else.

Question 5

DDX?

Answer 5

Chronic periostitis secondary to trauma

Osteochondroma

Question 6

How do you measure for stenosis in a horse?

Answer 6

Sagital measurement: ratio of 0.5 and above is normal

0.48-0.49 is gray zone

anything below 0.48 is small

Question 7

What are the signs for degenerative disease/cervical stenosis in the horse neck?

Answer 7

Epiphyseal flaring

Elongation of the dorsal lamina (picture)

Tipping of the vertebral bodies

Facets degeneration

Question 8

What are these?

Answer 8

Enthensophytes of the nuchal ligament.

Not usually a problem but in drasha horses that don’t want to lift their heads it might be

Question 9

What is the breed for cervical stenosis/wobblers?

Answer 9

Young warmbloods and thoroughbloods

Question 10

What is this? (ignore the numbers)

Answer 10

This is facet degeneration. Note that vertebral foramin is decreased in size and there is lucency in the facet. The facet is also big.

This can cause mild ataxia/neuro signs if impinging the nerve… inject steriods and see what happens.