radiology

Question 1

rotation of xray

Answer 1

• refers to how well is patient lined up
• if distal clavicles lined up–good
• if side rotated toward projector will have smaller structures–considered bad

Question 2

inspiration for CXR

Answer 2

• helps clear abd organs out of the way

- limits opacity/whitening d/t blood vessels

Question 3

penetration

Answer 3

• dependent on am’t. of radiation; >radiation–darker the image
• overly penetrated leads to loss of structure
• under penetrated leads to white out
• look at upper lobes to compare/also vertebrae

Question 4

cardiac

Answer 4

-lateral hrt border easily discernible
-medial hidden behind other structures
-normal medial border does not pass mediastinum
-silhouette of hrt should not be:
PA-more than 1/2 of diameter of chest cavity
AP-more than 1/3 the diameter of chest cavity

Question 5

infiltration

Answer 5

-pocket of fluid

Question 6

consolidation

Answer 6

dense collection of infiltrates

Question 7

pneumonia

Answer 7

• immune response causes collection, not organisms
• pt could have clear cxr and still have pneumonia
• next day cxr might show consolidation after immune response kicks in

Question 8

asthma/copd

Answer 8

• air trapping

- may be able to count 11-12 ribs

Question 9

CHF

Answer 9

• cephalization or shunting of blood into higher vasculature d/t bases are filled
• kurly “b” lines-fluid filling up of periphery

Question 10

costophrenic angle

Answer 10

nice sharp angle-lung and diaphragm junction-normal

-loss of angle; higher=pleural effusion in lung

Question 11

abdominal xray

Answer 11

small intestines: haustra-lines not all the way across

 - usually don't see d/t filled with fluid
 - dilated:>5 cm large: pleicha circularis-all the way across
- dilated:>9 cm - dark spot-free air/gas possibly d/t ileus

Question 12

cspine lateral view

Answer 12

• lateral view most important
• should see c1-c7 and top of t1
• assess alignment: anterior vertical, posterior, post lamital line (above spinal cord)
• atlanto-dens interval: distance between anterior surface of dens and posterior surface of tubericle
  
  • in adults normal

Question 13

cspine AP view

Answer 13

• check alignment of spinous processes

- check facets for dislocation

Question 14

cspine odontoin view

Answer 14

• view lateral mass
• odontoid process (peg) should line up with 2 front teeth
• type I fx: tip of peg
• type II fx: at shaft
• type III fx: into vertebrae

Question 15

long bone xray

Answer 15

• trace cortex of bone (outer edge)
• fx shows disruption of cortex usually associated with of medullary bone
• when assessing for long bone fx get joint above and below
• fx needs to penetrate both sides except in green stick fx in kids

Question 16

PA v. AP

Answer 16

PA: emitter behind; xrays from behind
AP: emitter infront shooting backwards

*further away from the emitter-the larger the structure looks on image; i.e. hrt appears larger in AP