Chapter 17 muscularskeletal Flashcards
common disorders
bursitis: inflammation of bursa-knee, shdldr, elbow; pain and swelling at joint d/t kneeling, repetitive motion
carpal tunnel syndrome: pressure on nerves up the wrist; numbness, tingling thumbs and fingers esp. at night; repetitive work with bent wrist or vibrating tools
ganglion: cyst at joint, usually at back of hand or wrist; hard, small, painless; repetitive movements
tendonitis: inflammation of area where muscle and tendons join; pain, swelling, redness, difficulty using; repetitive movements
tenosynovitis: inflammation of tendon and tendon sheath; aching, tenderness, swelling; repetitive nonstrenous movements
trigger finger: inflammation of tendon/tendon sheaths of fingers; unable to move fingers smoothly or without pain; caused by repetative movements, gripping too long or tightly
types of joints
hinge: movement of flexion and extension, elbow
pivotal: rotation along long shaft, proximal radialulnar joint
condyloid: “egg and spoon”, movement on 2 axis, wrist joint
saddle: aka biaxial joint, carpometacarpal joint of thumb (similar to condyloid)
ball-and-socket: hip, shoulder
plane: flat, one bone slides on top of other, patellofemoral joint
common symptoms
pain-disorders of bone, muscles, or joints
weakness: differentiate from fatigue, distal or proximal muscle groups?
deformity-congenital vs. recent
limited ROM-d/t changes in articular cartilage, scarring of joint capsule, muscle contracture
stiffness-most common complaint
joint clicking-associated with certain movements
primary movements of shoulder
forward flexion
extension
abduction
internal and external rotation
common shoulder problems
impingement: usually rotator cuff problems, tendonitis, bursitis
instability: glenohumeral joint-including ligaments and muscles
rotator cuff tear v tendonitis
Impingement of shoulder
Most common complaint
Normal wear and tear of rotator cuff tendons and tissue
-primary site is subacromial area
-can start as edema or hemorrhage d/t overuse or to more severe-full thickness rotator tear
Elbow disorders
-usually soft tissue disorders including lateral and medial epicondylitis
Lateral epicondylitis
-tennis elbow Common in dominant arm -caused by repetitive movements -partial tearing of tendon -symptoms: dull ache, worsening by grasping, localized, may radiate down forearm
primary movements of shoulder
forward flexion
extension
abduction
internal and external rotation
common shoulder problems
impingement: usually rotator cuff problems, tendonitis, bursitis
instability: glenohumeral joint-including ligaments and muscles
rotator cuff tear v tendonitis
Carpal tunnel syndrome
- entrapment/compression of medial nerve in carpal canal
- idiopathic, associated with diabetes, hypothyroidism, alcoholism, RA, repetitive motion
Trigger finger
- formation of scar tissue around flexor tendon
- finger catches or locks in flexed position
Fracture of hip
- common in patients over 50
- usually s/p fall
- most cur I proximal femur
Bursitis of hip
- trauma most common cause
- 40-60 yo men and women
- localized pain extending to knees or lower back
Anterior cruciate ligament tear of knee
- injured by direct blow or indirect stress of ligament
- sudden pop of knee, unable to straighten leg
- sudden onset
- positive Lachman’s or drawer test
