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Rad Positioning Spine > Radiography Recall 2 > Flashcards

Radiography Recall 2 Flashcards

1
Q

How do you control the amount of distortion that is seen on xray?

A

following the “basic” rules

  1. the long axis of part is parallel to long axis of IR
  2. the CR is perpendicular to the part and IR
  3. the center of the part is centered to CR and IR
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2
Q

how do we control magnification distortion?

A

keep the part as close to the IR as possible

compensate by increasing SID if there is notable IOD that cannot be reduced

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3
Q

how do we control shape distortion?

A

no rotation or tilt of the part

no tube tilt

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4
Q

can distortion be useful?

A

yes, when isolating a specific part

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5
Q

what are the exceptions to the 40” SID rule?

A 
all lateral cervical spine
all oblique cervical spine
lateral chest
PA chest
AP full spine
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6
Q

mastoid tip

A

C1

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7
Q

thyroid cartilage

A

C4

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8
Q

vertebral prominens

A

C7

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9
Q

sternal notch

A

T2

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10
Q

sternal angle

A

T4

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11
Q

xyphoid tip

A

T10

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12
Q

iliac crest

A

L4/5

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13
Q

ASIS

A

S2

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14
Q

greater trochanter

A

pubic symphysis

coccyx tip

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15
Q

ischial tuberosities

A

bottom of pelvis

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16
Q

what are the commonly used planes for xray?

A 
posterior/dorsal
anterior/ventral
transverse
mid axillary
occlusal
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17
Q

how does one accomodate the IR size and orientation?

A

it needs to be large enough for the part being xrayed
size and orientation matched
collimation to part size and orientation is the most important

18
Q

what are some advantages to collimation to part size and orientation?

A

limits amount of radiation to patient

controls unwanted scatter

19
Q

how large should the cassette be?

A

just as large or larger than the part being xrayed

20
Q

where does the ID blocker get placed?

A

away from anatomy of interest

21
Q

what are the effects of respiration?

A

controls voluntary motion

phases change placement of anatomy

22
Q

what happens when we inhale?

A

diaphragm moves down (thoracic area)

shoulders move up (cervical area)

23
Q

what happens when we exhale?

A

diaphragm moves up (lumbar area)

shoulders move down (cervical area)

24
Q

what should we have the patient do if we want a chest xray (breathing wise)?

A

take a deep breath and hold

25
Q

when we measure with calipers, we measure in…

A

centimeters

26
Q

how do we measure with the caliper?

A

in the direction CR travels through the body

at centering point

27
Q

what is the use of calipers?

A

determines amount of exposure needed

28
Q

how do we place anatomical markers?

A

according to patient’s anatomy

29
Q

when do we put an R on patient’s right or L on patient’s left?

A

on AP, PA and oblique films

30
Q

how do you know which marker to put on for laterals?

A

use the side touching IR

31
Q

where should anatomical markers be placed?

A

inside light, outside anatomy

32
Q

what happens if you put the anatomical marker on the wrong side?

A

repeat the film

33
Q

what is the use of a flat aluminum filter?

A

even out radiographic density
protects patient from some exposure
produces consistent radiographic density throughout the part of interest

34
Q

where is the flat aluminum filter placed?

A

between xray beam and patient

over the thinnest portion of intended anatomy

35
Q

what do you need to do for patient prep?

A 
obtain accurate history
determine if pregnant
remove clothin in affected area, patient in gown
remove artifacts
explain procedure
measure with calipers
shield patient appropriately
36
Q

what do you want to do when obtaining history?

A

identify the area of complaint and history regarding injury

37
Q

What do we do if the patient is pregnant?

A

explain importance of radiation safety
delay exam, if possible
shield fetus if necessary

38
Q

what is the 10 day rule?

A

the safest time to xray women of childbearing age is within the 10 day period after onset of menstruation

39
Q

what’s the difference between artifacts and foreign bodies?

A

artifacts can easily be removed

foreign bodies cannot be easily removed

40
Q

what do you need to do when explaining the procedure to your patient?

A

use appropriate terminology for patient understanding
appropriate volume
validate response

41
Q

what do you do when you are about to measure patient with calipers?

A

alert patient before touching
do this for each projection
set control pattern per measurement

42
Q

how should you shield your patient?

A

use 1/2 apron or gonadal shield between the xray beam and patient
don’t cover pertinent anatomy

Rad Positioning Spine (8 decks)

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