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Rad Positioning Spine > Cervical positioning > Flashcards

Cervical positioning Flashcards

1
Q

Examples of artifacts

A

Dentures, earrings, glasses, hair pins, hearing aids, chewing gum

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2
Q

Non-trauma sectional series

A

lateral
APOM
AP

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3
Q

trauma series

A 
lateral
APOM
AP
anterior obliques
flexion/extension
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4
Q

lateral SID

A

72”

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5
Q

lateral film size

A

8x10

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6
Q

where should the horizontal central ray be for a lateral?

A

C4

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7
Q

patient placement for lateral

A

line from bottom of front teeth to mastoid parallel to floor

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8
Q

where should the vertical central ray be for a lateral?

A

through mastoid

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9
Q

where should the top of the light field be for a lateral?

A

just above the ear

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10
Q

where/what should the anatomical marker be placed for a lateral cervical?

A

side closest to the film under the chin

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11
Q

what are the breathing instructions for lateral?

A

exhale and stop breathing

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12
Q

how should you collimate for lateral?

A

to the soft tissue

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13
Q

what are the criteria for the lateral cervical image?

A

anatomy from occipital base to T1
all disc spaces and Z joints open
spinouses in profile
mandibular angles anterior to the bodies

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14
Q

if you cannot see the vertebra in an xray, what do you need to do?

A

double mAs and increase kVp by 10-15%

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15
Q

how do you measure for an APOM?

A

mouth open, finger at side of open mouth

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16
Q

patient placement for APOM

A

upper occlusal plate to base of occiput parallel to the floor

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17
Q

central ray for APOM

A

center of mouth

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18
Q

collimation for APOM

A

collimate vertically to below lens of eyes and horizontally to mastoids

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19
Q

breathing instructions for APOM

A

don’t breathe don’t move

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20
Q

film size for APOM

A

8x10

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21
Q

what should you be able to see in an APOM?

A

all C1 and C2
lateral masses equidistant from mandibular rami
upper occlusal plate and occipital base superimposed
mouth open

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22
Q

where should the anatomical marker be for APOM?

A

out of the way of pertinent anatomy

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23
Q

film size for AP cervical

A

8x10

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24
Q

where is the ID blocker placed for AP cervical?

A

up and out of the way

25
Q

patient placement for AP cervical

A

line from bottom of front teeth to mastoid parallel to floor

26
Q

central ray placement for AP cervical

A

C4 (thyroid cartilage)

27
Q

SID for AP cervical

A

40” 15 degree cephalic tube tilt

28
Q

breathing instructions for AP cervical

A

don’t breathe, don’t move

29
Q

image criteria for AP cervical

A

C3-T1 and lung apices
disc spaces open, uncinates visible, spinouses at bottom of bodies
spinouses midline, pedicles and pillars equidistant from sides of bodies
bottom of mandible superimposed over based of occiput
C4 is center of image

30
Q

what are the views that are taken in order for a trauma series?

A 
lateral
APOM
AP
obliques
flexion/extension
31
Q

how do you determine traumatic vs non-traumatic views?

A

is there clinical evidence of fracture?
use clinical indicators rather than automatically turning to imaging
ACR now considers high-resolution CT a better choice of modality to exclude fracture

32
Q

SID for anterior cervical oblique

A

72” with 15 degree caudal tube tilt

33
Q

how do you measure for anterior cervical oblique?

A

same as lateral

34
Q

what film size do you use for anterior cervical oblique?

A

8x10

35
Q

patient placement for anterior oblique

A

rotate patient 45 degrees from PA position

line from the bottom of the front teeth to the mastoid parallel to the floor

36
Q

breathing instructions for patient for anterior cervical oblique

A

don’t breathe, don’t move

37
Q

where do you place the anatomical marker for anterior cervical oblique?

A

right marker over right shoulder

left marker over left shoulder

38
Q

what do you need to see in anterior obliques?

A 
base of occiput to T1
IVFs open
disc spaces open
no Z joints or unincates seen
mandible clear of vertebrae
39
Q

SID flexion/extension

A

72”

40
Q

film size for flexion/extension

A

10x12

41
Q

patient instructions for flexion lateral

A

tuck chin an dflex to patient’s tolerance

exhale and stop breathing

42
Q

where should the central ray be for flexion/extension?

A

mid cervicals

43
Q

what is the film criteria?

A

VP in in collimation field

44
Q

patient instructions for extension?

A

elevate chin and extend to patient’s tolerance

exhale and stop breathing

45
Q

why do we need flexion/extension for trauma?

A

to demonstrate both ligament instability and range of motion

46
Q

measurements for swimmer’s

A

under arms/axilla to axilla

47
Q

patient placement for swimmer’s

A 
dependant arm (closest to film is raised)
seated!
48
Q

central ray placement for swimmer’s

A

center to T1, then center fil to CR

49
Q

what film size for swimmer’s?

A

10x12

50
Q

SID for swimmer’s

A

40”

51
Q

patient instructions for swimmer’s

A

breathe out and hold

52
Q

why does the patient need to lift the arm for swimmers?

A

it acts as a natural filter for the cervical spine

53
Q

accessory views

A

posterior obliques

fuchs

54
Q

what is fuch’s used for?

A

visualize the dens

55
Q

what SID is the posterior cervical oblique taken at?

A

82” 15 degree cephalic tube tilt

56
Q

patient positioning

A

rotate 45 degrees from AP position

57
Q

patient instructions

A

don’t breathe, don’t move

58
Q

why are anterior obliques preferred?

A

radiation protection

shooting into concavity

59
Q

xrays that are set up at 72”

A 
all lateral cervicals
all cervical obliques
PA chest
lateral chest
AP full spine

Rad Positioning Spine (8 decks)

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