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Rad Positioning Spine > Cervical positioning > Flashcards

Cervical positioning Flashcards

1
Q

Examples of artifacts

A

Dentures, earrings, glasses, hair pins, hearing aids, chewing gum

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2
Q

Non-trauma sectional series

A

lateral
APOM
AP

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3
Q

trauma series

A 
lateral
APOM
AP
anterior obliques
flexion/extension
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4
Q

lateral SID

A

72”

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5
Q

lateral film size

A

8x10

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6
Q

where should the horizontal central ray be for a lateral?

A

C4

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7
Q

patient placement for lateral

A

line from bottom of front teeth to mastoid parallel to floor

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8
Q

where should the vertical central ray be for a lateral?

A

through mastoid

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9
Q

where should the top of the light field be for a lateral?

A

just above the ear

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10
Q

where/what should the anatomical marker be placed for a lateral cervical?

A

side closest to the film under the chin

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11
Q

what are the breathing instructions for lateral?

A

exhale and stop breathing

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12
Q

how should you collimate for lateral?

A

to the soft tissue

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13
Q

what are the criteria for the lateral cervical image?

A

anatomy from occipital base to T1
all disc spaces and Z joints open
spinouses in profile
mandibular angles anterior to the bodies

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14
Q

if you cannot see the vertebra in an xray, what do you need to do?

A

double mAs and increase kVp by 10-15%

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15
Q

how do you measure for an APOM?

A

mouth open, finger at side of open mouth

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16
Q

patient placement for APOM

A

upper occlusal plate to base of occiput parallel to the floor

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17
Q

central ray for APOM

A

center of mouth

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18
Q

collimation for APOM

A

collimate vertically to below lens of eyes and horizontally to mastoids

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19
Q

breathing instructions for APOM

A

don’t breathe don’t move

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20
Q

film size for APOM

A

8x10

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21
Q

what should you be able to see in an APOM?

A

all C1 and C2
lateral masses equidistant from mandibular rami
upper occlusal plate and occipital base superimposed
mouth open

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22
Q

where should the anatomical marker be for APOM?

A

out of the way of pertinent anatomy

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23
Q

film size for AP cervical

A

8x10

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24
Q

where is the ID blocker placed for AP cervical?

A

up and out of the way

25
patient placement for AP cervical
line from bottom of front teeth to mastoid parallel to floor
26
central ray placement for AP cervical
C4 (thyroid cartilage)
27
SID for AP cervical
40" 15 degree cephalic tube tilt
28
breathing instructions for AP cervical
don't breathe, don't move
29
image criteria for AP cervical
C3-T1 and lung apices disc spaces open, uncinates visible, spinouses at bottom of bodies spinouses midline, pedicles and pillars equidistant from sides of bodies bottom of mandible superimposed over based of occiput C4 is center of image
30
what are the views that are taken in order for a trauma series?
``` lateral APOM AP obliques flexion/extension ```
31
how do you determine traumatic vs non-traumatic views?
is there clinical evidence of fracture? use clinical indicators rather than automatically turning to imaging ACR now considers high-resolution CT a better choice of modality to exclude fracture
32
SID for anterior cervical oblique
72" with 15 degree caudal tube tilt
33
how do you measure for anterior cervical oblique?
same as lateral
34
what film size do you use for anterior cervical oblique?
8x10
35
patient placement for anterior oblique
rotate patient 45 degrees from PA position | line from the bottom of the front teeth to the mastoid parallel to the floor
36
breathing instructions for patient for anterior cervical oblique
don't breathe, don't move
37
where do you place the anatomical marker for anterior cervical oblique?
right marker over right shoulder | left marker over left shoulder
38
what do you need to see in anterior obliques?
``` base of occiput to T1 IVFs open disc spaces open no Z joints or unincates seen mandible clear of vertebrae ```
39
SID flexion/extension
72"
40
film size for flexion/extension
10x12
41
patient instructions for flexion lateral
tuck chin an dflex to patient's tolerance | exhale and stop breathing
42
where should the central ray be for flexion/extension?
mid cervicals
43
what is the film criteria?
VP in in collimation field
44
patient instructions for extension?
elevate chin and extend to patient's tolerance | exhale and stop breathing
45
why do we need flexion/extension for trauma?
to demonstrate both ligament instability and range of motion
46
measurements for swimmer's
under arms/axilla to axilla
47
patient placement for swimmer's
``` dependant arm (closest to film is raised) seated! ```
48
central ray placement for swimmer's
center to T1, then center fil to CR
49
what film size for swimmer's?
10x12
50
SID for swimmer's
40"
51
patient instructions for swimmer's
breathe out and hold
52
why does the patient need to lift the arm for swimmers?
it acts as a natural filter for the cervical spine
53
accessory views
posterior obliques | fuchs
54
what is fuch's used for?
visualize the dens
55
what SID is the posterior cervical oblique taken at?
82" 15 degree cephalic tube tilt
56
patient positioning
rotate 45 degrees from AP position
57
patient instructions
don't breathe, don't move
58
why are anterior obliques preferred?
radiation protection | shooting into concavity
59
xrays that are set up at 72"
``` all lateral cervicals all cervical obliques PA chest lateral chest AP full spine ```

Rad Positioning Spine (8 decks)

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