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Conservation > Radiographs > Flashcards

Radiographs Flashcards

1
Q

Name 2 regulations in relation to radiographs

A
  1. IRR - Ionising Radiation Regulations

2. IRMER - Ionising Radiation Medical Exposure Regulations

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2
Q

What is the major difference between IRR and IRMER?

A

IRR is in relation to staff and IRMER is in relation to patients

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3
Q

Describe 4 parts of a selection criteria before taking radiographs

A
  • Be clear what you want radiograph to show
  • Unnecessary exposure must be avoided
  • Not acceptable to take radiographs because patient hasn’t had any in a while
  • Consider types of radiographs available to reduce radiation dose
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4
Q

Name 3 components of taking a radiographs

A
  1. Justification
  2. Optimisation
  3. Evaluation
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5
Q

Describe justification of a radiograph

A
  • Each must be justified as showing sufficient benefit
  • Good practice but no legal requirement
  • When referring, the referrer must supply details of radiograph history
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6
Q

Give an example of a justification for bitewings

A

Interproximal caries

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7
Q

Give an example of a justification for IOPAs

A

Apical pathology of the tooth

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8
Q

What is the key mnemonic for optimisation of a radiograph?

A

ALARP - As Low As Reasonably Practicable

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9
Q

Name 3 ways to ensure radiation is kept as low as reasonable practicable

A
  • Ensure equipment is calibrated correctly, serviced etc
  • Maintain skills
  • Maintain knowledge
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10
Q

Describe clinical evaluation of radiographs

A
  • All radiographs must be reported on

- This includes any radiographs which quality is too poor to be diagnostically valuable

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11
Q

What is quality assurance of a radiograph?

A

It is essential each radiograph is graded and information is used so deficiencies in systems can be recognised

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12
Q

Describe the grading process of radiographs

A
  1. Excellent - Over 70% of radiographs taken
  2. Diagnostically acceptable - No more than 20%
  3. Unacceptable - No more than 10%
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13
Q

Name 3 most often used radiographs in restorative dentistry

A
  1. Bitewing
  2. Periapical (IOPAs)
  3. Panoramic Tomography (OPT)
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14
Q

What is the main indication for bitewing radiographs?

A
  1. Detection of dental caries
  2. Initial periodontal assessment
  3. Radiographic assessment of restorations
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15
Q

Describe carious lesions visible on radiographs

A

Detectable when there is enough demineralization to allow lesion to be differentiated from enamel and dentine

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16
Q

Describe the frequency of bitewings taken for different types of patients

A

High risk - 6 months
Moderate risk - 12 months
Low risk - 24 months
Low risk children - 12 - 18 months

17
Q

Name 2 ways in which radiographs can be used to assess restorations

A
  1. Assessment of ledges and overhangs

2. Marginal fit of cast restorations

18
Q

Describe a good technique to aid optimisation

A

A simple film holder will help position the film packet and facilitate positioning of the x-ray tubehead

19
Q

Describe 2 potential problems if holders are not used taking radiographs

A
  1. Overlapping

2. Coning off

20
Q

Describe 2 things to note when radiographically assessing radiolucent areas

A
  1. Caries v Burnout

2. Size of pulp chamber

21
Q

Describe 3 things to note when radiographically assessing radio-opaqueareas

A
  1. Restorations, calculus and artefacts
  2. Presence of root filling material
  3. Presence of posts and pins
22
Q

Name 2 misleading shadows on a radiograph

A
  1. Cervical burn-out

2. Radiopaque zone beneath amalgam restorations

23
Q

What is cervical burnout?

A

Artefactual phenomenon created by anatomy of teeth and variable penetration of x-ray beam

24
Q

Describe 3 characteristics of burnout

A
  1. Located at neck of teeth
  2. Triangular in shape
  3. All teeth in radiograph usually affected
25
Q

Describe radiopaque zones beneath amalgam restorations

A
  • Under restorations ions are released into demineralized dentine
  • Radiopacity of zone may make normal dentine appear darker
26
Q

What are the 6 main indications for taking IOPAs?

A
  1. Detection of periapical infection
  2. Assessment prior to crown of bridgework
  3. Localised periodontal assessment
  4. Bone loss
  5. Before commencing, during and assessing endodontics
  6. Assessment of operative appraisal of apical surgery
27
Q

Describe x-ray tube positioning

A

Should be positioned so that the beam meets the tooth and film at right angles in both vertical and horizontal planes

28
Q

Describe 2 potential problems with IOPAs if holders are positioned incorrectly

A
  1. Foreshortening

2. Elongation

29
Q

Describe 3 advantages of OPTs

A
  1. Shows all teeth and supporting structures on one film
  2. Technique is reasonably simple
  3. Radiation dose is relatively low
30
Q

Describe 3 main restorative indications of OPTs

A
  1. Overview of dental caries
  2. Overview of periodontal disease
  3. Implant placement assessment
31
Q

Name 4 non-restorative indications of OPTs

A
  1. Orthodontic assessment
  2. Establish size of jaw lesions
  3. Fractures of the mandible
  4. Assessment of third molars

Conservation (27 decks)

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