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Conservation > Amalgam Repair > Flashcards

Amalgam Repair Flashcards

1
Q

What is the average survival for amalgam restorations?

A

11 to 12 years

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2
Q

Name 3 reasons amalgam is being phased out

A
  1. Composites are more aesthetic
  2. Composites have bonded techniques so are more conservative
  3. Minamata Convention on Mercury means reduction in environmental pollution
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3
Q

Describe EU regulations on amalgam as of July 2018

A

Restriction of amalgam use on children under 15, deciduous teeth and pregnant women unless deemed clinically necessary

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4
Q

Name 6 potential causes of failure of amalgam

A
  1. Recurrent caries
  2. Marginal ditching
  3. Excessive creep
  4. Bulk fracture
  5. Loss of retention
  6. Dependent on bucco-palatal width of amalgam
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5
Q

Describe 2 reasons amalgam stays in place

A
  1. Retention

2. Resistance

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6
Q

Describe retention in small amalgam restorations

A

Relies on undercuts in the tooth structure and frictional resistance from walls in preparation

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7
Q

Describe amalgam retention in large restorations

A

Additional retentive features created e.g undercuts, resulting in the destruction of sound tooth substance

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8
Q

Name 4 ways of providing retention for large amalgam restorations apart from undercuts

A
  1. Dentine pins
  2. Dentine slots
  3. Bonded amalgam
  4. Reconsider choice of restorative material
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9
Q

Describe dentine pins as a retentive feature of amalgam

A
  • Self threading pins inserted into dentine floor of cavity
  • 1-2 mm inserted into dentine with 2-4mm protruding above the cavity floor
  • Amalgam packed around base of pins in small increments
  • One cap per missing cusp
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10
Q

Describe the steps in placing a dentine pin

A
  • Identify site for pin and drill locating hole with size 0.5 round bur in slow hand piece
  • Identify correct size of pin
  • Use matching twist drill to drill channel to full depth of drill in one movement
  • Insert pin into prepared channel with speed reducing head
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11
Q

Name 5 disadvantages of dentine pins

A
  1. Induce high stress within tooth leading to crazing
  2. Very high temperatures generated on placement
  3. Risk of perforating pulp or ligament
  4. Insufficient occlusal clearance
  5. Special equipment required
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12
Q

Describe how dentine grooves, slots and pits are prepared

A
  • Prepare slots 1mm deep, 2-4m long and 1mm wide in floor of cavity
  • Avoid furcations and pulp horns
  • Condense amalgam in small increments into slots
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13
Q

Describe 5 advantages of dentine slots, grooves and pits

A
  1. No special equipment required
  2. Less traumatic to pulp
  3. Dentine and enamel less stressed
  4. Reduced risk of perforating pulp
  5. Less risk of perforating PDL than pins
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14
Q

What is Nayyar core?

A

Amalgam core condensed 3-4mm into the coronal aspect of the root canals

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15
Q

What are bonded amalgams?

A

Technique which uses adhesive to bond amalgam to a cavity

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16
Q

Name 5 claimed advantages of bonded amalgams

A
  1. Decreased post op sensitivity
  2. Reduced microleakage
  3. Increased retention and margins
  4. Tooth reinforcement
  5. Decreased flexure of tooth tissue
17
Q

What syndrome may bonded amalgam be particularly useful for?

A

Cracked cusp syndrome

18
Q

Name 2 types of bonded amalgams available

A
  1. Panavia

2. Optiobond Solo

19
Q

Describe the typical clinical steps when using bonded amalgams

A
  • Isolate tooth with matrix band
  • Etch all dentine and enamel of cavity
  • Wash and lightly dry
  • Apply adhesives (+/- light curing)
  • Pack amalgam as usual and carve
20
Q

Describe how bonded amalgams work

A
  • Etching dentine opens up tubules enabling adhesive resin to flow into dentine
  • Adhesive resin adheres to amalgam roughness micromechanically and 4-META adhesive
21
Q

Describe a theory based on Brannstrom’s work as to why bonded amalgam can be used without a lining material without sensitivity

A

Brannstrom’s hydrodynamic theory of pain to get pain states fluid must flow within the tubules to stimulate odontoblasts, and as the resin blocks the tubules there is not response to hot or cold stimuli

22
Q

Describe the clinical indications for bonded amalgam

A
  • Not recommended for routine amalgam cavities (no evidence of benefit to balance increased cost)
  • Useful for multi-surface amalgams to avoid use of pins
  • Useful for amalgam repairs
23
Q

Name 4 limitations of bonded amalgam

A
  • Increased cost
  • Technique sensitive
  • Not in use long enough to permit adequate evaluation of performance
  • Adhesion may break down over time
24
Q

Describe 2 categories of composite alternatives to amalgam

A
  1. Direct Composite Restorations

2. Indirect Composite Restorations

25
Q

Describe 2 categories of composite alternatives to amalgam

A
  1. Direct Composite Restorations

2. Indirect Composite Restorations

26
Q

Describe 2 categories of composite alternatives to amalgam

A
  1. Direct Composite Restorations

2. Indirect Composite Restorations

27
Q

Describe 2 categories of composite alternatives to amalgam

A
  1. Direct Composite Restorations

2. Indirect Composite Restorations

28
Q

Name 3 types of direct composite restorations

A
  1. Conventional
  2. Packable
  3. Flowable
29
Q

Name 2 types of indirect composite restorations

A
  1. Inlays

2. Onlays

30
Q

Describe the decision making between repairing or replacing an amalgam

A
  • Determine cause of failure
  • If caries present which has undermined restoration it will need replaced
  • It may be possible to repair restoration is caries is only localised
  • Aim is always to prolong the life of the tooth (repair more conservative)
31
Q

Describe amalgam repair

A
  • Ensure any remaining amalgam is secure
  • Appropriate depth and retention form generated
  • Key often drilled into existing amalgam
  • Use matrix system
  • Consider amalgam bonding
32
Q

Describe composite repairs

A
  • Clear caries and clean cavity with pumice
  • Be conservative with preparation
  • Bevel the margin or retained composite adjacent to new restoration position
  • Etch, bond, and place composite
  • Polish and occlusal checks
33
Q

Name 5 aims of a temporary dressing

A
  1. Replace loss tooth tissue immediately
  2. Stabilise caries
  3. Prevent food packing
  4. Allow soft tissue to heal before final restoration placed
  5. Therapeutic effects
34
Q

What is kalzinol?

A

Reinforced, fast setting zinc-oxide eugenol

35
Q

Describe mixing, working and setting time of kalzinol

A

Mixing time - 1m to 1m30s
Working time - 2m
Setting time - 3m30s to 4m30s

36
Q

Name 3 attributes of good temporary restorations

A
  1. Replicate occlusion
  2. Good appearance anteriorly
    3, Adequate times for mixing and setting

Conservation (27 decks)

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