Introduction To Endo

Question 1

What is endodontology?

Answer 1

Branch of dentistry concerned with morphology, physiology and pathology of human dental pulp and peri-radicular tissues

Question 2

Describe 6 components in the scope of endodontics

Answer 2

1. Diagnosis of oral pain
2. Maintaining pulpal vitality
3. Non surgical treatment of pulpitis and PAP
4. Surgical endodontic
5. Treatment of immature teeth
6. Endodontic management of trauma

Question 3

What is the fundamental aspect of endodontic disease?

Answer 3

Bacterial infection and effect on root system

Question 4

Describe 3 ways bacteria can pass into the root canal

Answer 4

1. Endotoxins pass apically “delta”
2. Lateral root canals
3. Accessory root canals

Question 5

Describe the microbiology of endodontic infections

Answer 5

High bacterial diversity with persistent infections having more diverse bacteria

Question 6

Describe the microbiology of root filled teeth with apical periodontitis

Answer 6

Facultative anaerobic bacteria e.g Enterococcuss

Question 7

What is the most common fungi found in therapy-resistant apical periodontitis

Answer 7

Candida albicans

Question 8

Name 6 portals of bacteria entry leading to endodontic disease

Answer 8

1. Caries
2. Trauma
3. Fractures
4. Iatrogenic
5. Microleakage
6. Periodontal ligament

Question 9

Describe how iatrogenic damage may lead to endodontic disease

Answer 9

Removal of coronal structures can lead to exposure of pulp

Question 10

Describe 4 simple ways to characterise endodontic disease

Answer 10

1. Entry portal
2. Intra-canal bacterial products
3. Inflammation
4. Endotoxin release

Question 11

Name 2 components of endodontic diagnosis

Answer 11

1. Pulpal diagnosis

2. Apical diagnosis

Question 12

Describe the possible pulpal diagnoses of endodontic disease

Answer 12

• Normal
• Reversible pulpitis (symptomatic / asymptomatic)
• Irreversible pulpitis
• Pulp necrosis
• Previously treated
• Previous initiated therapy

Question 13

Describe the possible apical diagnoses of endodontic disease

Answer 13

• Normal
• Symptomatic Apical Periodontitis
• Asymptomatic Apical Periodontitis
• Chronic Apical Abscess
• Acute Apical Abscess
• Condensing Osteitis

Question 14

Describe 5 components of clinical examination for endodontic disease

Answer 14

1. Swelling
2. Sinus
   3 .Discolouration
3. Tenderness
4. Vitality

Question 15

Describe 5 parts of the clinical assessment to determine if a tooth is restorable

Answer 15

1. Size and form of remaining coronal tissue
2. Angulation and position of tooth
3. Presence of restorations
4. Tooth wear
5. mobility and periodontal status

Question 16

What are 3 objectives of endodontic treatment?

Answer 16

1. Clean
2. Shape
3. Fill

Question 17

Name 2 components of cleaning the root canal system in endodontic treatment

Answer 17

1. Remove diseased tissue

2. Eliminate irritants

Question 18

Describe the function of shaping the root canal system in endodontic treatment

Answer 18

Facilitates optimal irrigation, debridement and placement of local medicaments and permanent root filling

Question 19

Name 2 functions of filling a root canal system during endodontic treatment

Answer 19

1. Prevent recontamination

2. Create a complete coronal seal