Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Film Screen Image Acquisition, Processing, and Image Analysis > Radiographic Film > Flashcards

Radiographic Film Flashcards

1
Q

these are that exit the patient can interact with the image receptor

A

image forming x-rays

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

x-rays that remain as the useful beam exit the patient

A

exit beam

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

medium that converts the x-ray beam into a visible image

A

image receptor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

film records the image based on the pattern of transmitted x-rays and light produced by the intensifying screens

A

radiographic film

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

parts of radiographic film

A

base, emulsion, topcoat, adhesive layer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

other names for topcoat

A

topcoat, supercoat, overcoat, protective coating, super coating

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

a protective covering of gelatin that encloses the emulsion; made up of gelatin

A

topcoat

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

heart of the radiographic film

A

emulsion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

active layer in the film and radiation and light-sensitive

A

emulsion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

size of emulsion

A

3-5 micrometer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

emulsion is made up of?

A

silver halide crystal and gelatin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

recording medium and active ingredient of the emulsion

A

silver halide crystal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

principal characteristic of silver halide crystal

A

high atomic number (z)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

composition of silver halide crystal

A

98% silver bromide 2% silver iodide

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

mostly used shape of silver halide crystal

A

tabular

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

atomic numbers of gelatin, bromide, silver, iodide

A

zGelatin = 7
zBr = 35
zAg = 43
zI = 53

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

mechanical binder; holds the silver halide crystal uniformly dispersed in place

A

gelatin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

it is a clear and sufficiently porous and principal function is to provide mechanical support for silver halide crystals

A

gelatin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

term for emulsion that is coated on both sides of the base

A

duplitized

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

a colloid extracted from cattle hooves and hide, then rendered into a very pure, uncontaminated state

A

gelatin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

ideal suspension for the silver halide crystals

A

gelatin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

it swells during processing and rehardens after invisible image becomes visible

A

gelatin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

this functions as energy detectors

A

silver halide crystal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

size of silver halide crystal

A

1.0-1.5 micrometer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

imperfections in the crystal structure

A

sensitivity specks

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

other term for adhesive layer

A

substratum layer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

a thin coating located between the emulsion and base

A

adhesive layer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

simply adheres the base to the emulsion; it allows base and emulsion to maintain proper contact and integrity

A

adhesive layer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

the foundation or framework of the film

A

base

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

composition of base

A

polyester

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

size of base

A

150-300 micrometer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

its purpose is to provide a rigid structure onto which the emulsion can be coated

A

base

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

it allow the film to maintain its shape, prevent bending and provide support for the emulsion

A

base

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

composition of polyester

A

polymer matrix, ethylene glycol, dimethyl terephthalate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

history of polyester

A

glass plate, cellulose acetate, cellulose, tractate, polyester

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

characteristics of a good film base

A

lucency, dimensional stability, superior physical stability, blue tint

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

this is applied in film base to decrease eye strain, decrease parallax effect, improve contrast and contributes to 0.15 OD

A

blue tint

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

characteristics of x-ray film

A

film speed, film latitude, film contrast

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

this maintain size and shape to prevent distortion of image

A

dimensional stability

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

this is the flexible and sturdy to prevent damage when handling and processing

A

superior physical stability

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

ability of film to respond

A

film speed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

the degree to which the emulsion is sensitive to x-rays or to light

A

film speed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

To produce quality images, a slower film speed will produce?

A

high exposure factor/high patient dose

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

margin of errors in technical factors that the film allow that will still produce an acceptable range of densities

A

film latitude

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
45
Q

ability of exposure factors to record an image with an appropriate range of densities on the film

A

exposure latitude

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
46
Q

high contrast emulsion, “short gray scale”

A

narrow film latitude

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
47
Q

low contrast emulsion, “long gray scale”

A

wide film latitude

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
48
Q

few factors can be applied to produce acceptable OD

A

narrow exposure latitude

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
49
Q

many factors can be applied to produce acceptable OD (more “forgiving”)

A

wide exposure latitude

50
Q

inherent ability to record minute differences in densities across the film ability of the radiographic film to produce a certain level of image contrast

A

film contrast

51
Q

provide quality image

A

high contrast emulsion

52
Q

provide poor quality image

A

low contrast emulsion

53
Q

general types of x-ray film

A

screen-type film, direct-exposure film, single-emulsion film

54
Q

most widely used radiographic film; general choice for diagnostic radiology

A

screen-type film

55
Q

made to be used with one or two intensifying screens

A

screen-type film

56
Q

occurs when light forms an angle affecting a sport in the emulsion and travels through the other side

A

parallax effect

57
Q

designed for use without the need of an intensifying screen

A

direct-exposure film

58
Q

direct-exposure film is also called

A

non-screen film

59
Q

intended to be used in a cardboard holder

A

direct-exposure film

60
Q

has emulsion coated on one side of the base only; no parallax effect

A

single-emulsion film

61
Q

prevents halation of light as the screens fluoresce

A

anti-halation backing

62
Q

types of film according to spectral sensitivity

A

monochromatic, orthochromatic, panchromatic

63
Q

globular grains made up of calcium tungstate phosphor

A

monochromatic film

64
Q

tabular grains made up of rare earth phosphor

A

orthochromatic film

65
Q

sensitive to all visible light; mainly used in photography and has no insensitivity

A

panchromatic

66
Q

spherical in shape, has bigger volume and for blue-sensitive film

A

globular grain

67
Q

table-top-like structure and provides bigger surface; for green-sensitive film

A

tabular grain

68
Q

it improves image sharpness

A

tabular grain

69
Q

types of film according to use/purpose

A
  1. mammographic film
  2. therapy localization film
  3. dental x-ray film
  4. video film
  5. photofluoraphic
  6. cine or roll film
  7. duplicating film
  8. subtraction film
  9. dosimeter or personnel monitoring film
  10. automatic serial changer
  11. industrial film
  12. polaroid radiographic film
  13. laser film
70
Q

fine grain, single emulsion film and for breast examination. it has a special anti-halation layer

A

mammographic film

71
Q

fine grain, direct exposure film and serves as a guideline in therapy

A

therapy localization film

72
Q

2 kinds of dental x-ray film

A

intraoral and extraoral

73
Q

a type of dental x-ray film that is direct exposure and duplex film

A

intraoral film

74
Q

a type of intraoral film that images the root of the teeth

A

periapical film

75
Q

a type of intraoral film that localize cavities between the teeth

A

bitewing/interproximal

76
Q

a type of intraoral film used when periapical film cannot visualize the entire teeth

A

occlusal film

77
Q

a type of dental x-ray film that is a screen film

A

extraoral film

78
Q

a type of extraoral film used to visualzie the entire mouth

A

panoramic

79
Q

single emulsion and used in barium swallow, exposed in a device called multiformat camera and laser camera, records images on a VHS

A

video film

80
Q

single emulsion; for photography of the image on the fluorescent screen by a camera in area chest x-ray examination

A

photofluorographic

81
Q

abreugraphy is introduced by

A

Manuel Diaz Abreu

82
Q

for mass chest x-ray examination to monitor PTB

A

photofluorographic

83
Q

single emulsion film with sprocket holes, also known as movie film

A

cine or roll film

84
Q

a reversal film uses a positive image, utilizing the reversal effect

A

cine or roll film

84
Q

a reversal film uses a positive image, utilizing the reversal effect

A

cine or roll film

85
Q

used in cardiac catheterization

A

angiographic film

86
Q

cine or roll film uses a ____ with a fram rate of 30-60 frames/sec

A

tagarno viewer

87
Q

also called copy film; responds differently to light photons, density decreases as it is being expose

A

duplicating film

88
Q

used to produce an exact copy of a radiograph, uses the principle of solarization

A

duplicating film

89
Q

companies of duplicating film

A

blu-ray copier, dupont cronex, logetronics

90
Q

single emulsion; also called reversal film, used in digital subtraction angiography and facial profile views to show the relationship of tissue with bony structures

A

subtraction film

91
Q

designed to produce a copy that is the exact opposite of the original radiograph

A

subtraction film

92
Q

measures the absorbed dose; sensitive to x-ray, gamma, beta, and low energy neutrons (13 mR to 18 mR)

A

dosimeter

93
Q

usually uses 2 films to measure both low energy and high energy radiation; 1 single and 1 double emulsion

A

dosimeter

94
Q

frequently used dosimeter; made of lithium fluoride but no dosimeter film; monitors monthly exposure

A

thermoluminiscent dosimeter (TLD)

95
Q

dosimeter that is made up of aluminum oxide and monitors monthly exposure but has no dosimeter film

A

optically-stimulated luminescent dosimeter (OSL)

96
Q

uses the dosimeter film and worn inside the apron

A

film badge

97
Q

dosimeter that is used for daily exposures and is reset

A

pen dosimeter

98
Q

used in serial radiography such as angiography and special procedures

A

automatic serial changer

99
Q

automatic serial changer is also called

A

Elema Zchonander and Franklin changer

100
Q

uses mega-electron volts and high energy/radiation radiography

A

industrial film

101
Q

can also be used in mammography

A

industrial fim

102
Q

paper based, thermal paper

A

polaroid radiographic film

103
Q

no darkroom, fixer and developing solution needed, artifacts include white line mark from resulting from dirt in the crystal that focuses the laser

A

laser film

104
Q

fresh films storage temperature

A

20°C or 70°F

105
Q

fresh films storage humidity

A

40-60%

106
Q

storage temperature after

A

60-80°F

107
Q

usual storage for original radiographs are up to how many years

A

5-7 years

108
Q

increase temperature & humidity = ?

A

increase fog

109
Q

decrease temperature & humidity = ?

A

increase static discharge

110
Q

films are stored by ?

A

vertically, at edge, straight or upright

111
Q

storage temperature if storing films for 30-45 days

A

21°C or 70°F

112
Q

storage temperature if storing films less than 1 year

A

10°C or 50°F

113
Q

storage temperature to store at to stop aging process

A

0°C

114
Q

increase temperature =

A

increase aging process

115
Q

contamination of developer solutions with 0.1% or fixer

A

chemical fog

116
Q

placed to cover the developer tank when the fixing tank must be removed

A

splash guard

117
Q

a restrainer prevents chemical fog by regulating development

A

development fog

118
Q

most common form of film fogging

A

safelight fog

119
Q

film should be warmed up to room temperature of ____ before using again

A

35°C or 85°F

Film Screen Image Acquisition, Processing, and Image Analysis (6 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions