Radiographic Film Flashcards
1
Q
these are that exit the patient can interact with the image receptor
A
image forming x-rays
2
Q
x-rays that remain as the useful beam exit the patient
A
exit beam
3
Q
medium that converts the x-ray beam into a visible image
A
image receptor
4
Q
film records the image based on the pattern of transmitted x-rays and light produced by the intensifying screens
A
radiographic film
5
Q
parts of radiographic film
A
base, emulsion, topcoat, adhesive layer
6
Q
other names for topcoat
A
topcoat, supercoat, overcoat, protective coating, super coating
7
Q
a protective covering of gelatin that encloses the emulsion; made up of gelatin
A
topcoat
8
Q
heart of the radiographic film
A
emulsion
9
Q
active layer in the film and radiation and light-sensitive
A
emulsion
10
Q
size of emulsion
A
3-5 micrometer
11
Q
emulsion is made up of?
A
silver halide crystal and gelatin
12
Q
recording medium and active ingredient of the emulsion
A
silver halide crystal
13
Q
principal characteristic of silver halide crystal
A
high atomic number (z)
14
Q
composition of silver halide crystal
A
98% silver bromide 2% silver iodide
15
Q
mostly used shape of silver halide crystal
A
tabular
16
Q
atomic numbers of gelatin, bromide, silver, iodide
A
zGelatin = 7
zBr = 35
zAg = 43
zI = 53
17
Q
mechanical binder; holds the silver halide crystal uniformly dispersed in place
A
gelatin
18
Q
it is a clear and sufficiently porous and principal function is to provide mechanical support for silver halide crystals
A
gelatin
19
Q
term for emulsion that is coated on both sides of the base
A
duplitized
20
Q
a colloid extracted from cattle hooves and hide, then rendered into a very pure, uncontaminated state
A
gelatin
21
Q
ideal suspension for the silver halide crystals
A
gelatin
22
Q
it swells during processing and rehardens after invisible image becomes visible
A
gelatin
23
Q
this functions as energy detectors
A
silver halide crystal
24
Q
size of silver halide crystal
A
1.0-1.5 micrometer
25
imperfections in the crystal structure
sensitivity specks
26
other term for adhesive layer
substratum layer
27
a thin coating located between the emulsion and base
adhesive layer
28
simply adheres the base to the emulsion; it allows base and emulsion to maintain proper contact and integrity
adhesive layer
29
the foundation or framework of the film
base
30
composition of base
polyester
31
size of base
150-300 micrometer
32
its purpose is to provide a rigid structure onto which the emulsion can be coated
base
33
it allow the film to maintain its shape, prevent bending and provide support for the emulsion
base
34
composition of polyester
polymer matrix, ethylene glycol, dimethyl terephthalate
35
history of polyester
glass plate, cellulose acetate, cellulose, tractate, polyester
36
characteristics of a good film base
lucency, dimensional stability, superior physical stability, blue tint
37
this is applied in film base to decrease eye strain, decrease parallax effect, improve contrast and contributes to 0.15 OD
blue tint
38
characteristics of x-ray film
film speed, film latitude, film contrast
39
this maintain size and shape to prevent distortion of image
dimensional stability
40
this is the flexible and sturdy to prevent damage when handling and processing
superior physical stability
41
ability of film to respond
film speed
42
the degree to which the emulsion is sensitive to x-rays or to light
film speed
43
To produce quality images, a slower film speed will produce?
high exposure factor/high patient dose
44
margin of errors in technical factors that the film allow that will still produce an acceptable range of densities
film latitude
45
ability of exposure factors to record an image with an appropriate range of densities on the film
exposure latitude
46
high contrast emulsion, "short gray scale"
narrow film latitude
47
low contrast emulsion, "long gray scale"
wide film latitude
48
few factors can be applied to produce acceptable OD
narrow exposure latitude
49
many factors can be applied to produce acceptable OD (more "forgiving")
wide exposure latitude
50
inherent ability to record minute differences in densities across the film ability of the radiographic film to produce a certain level of image contrast
film contrast
51
provide quality image
high contrast emulsion
52
provide poor quality image
low contrast emulsion
53
general types of x-ray film
screen-type film, direct-exposure film, single-emulsion film
54
most widely used radiographic film; general choice for diagnostic radiology
screen-type film
55
made to be used with one or two intensifying screens
screen-type film
56
occurs when light forms an angle affecting a sport in the emulsion and travels through the other side
parallax effect
57
designed for use without the need of an intensifying screen
direct-exposure film
58
direct-exposure film is also called
non-screen film
59
intended to be used in a cardboard holder
direct-exposure film
60
has emulsion coated on one side of the base only; no parallax effect
single-emulsion film
61
prevents halation of light as the screens fluoresce
anti-halation backing
62
types of film according to spectral sensitivity
monochromatic, orthochromatic, panchromatic
63
globular grains made up of calcium tungstate phosphor
monochromatic film
64
tabular grains made up of rare earth phosphor
orthochromatic film
65
sensitive to all visible light; mainly used in photography and has no insensitivity
panchromatic
66
spherical in shape, has bigger volume and for blue-sensitive film
globular grain
67
table-top-like structure and provides bigger surface; for green-sensitive film
tabular grain
68
it improves image sharpness
tabular grain
69
types of film according to use/purpose
1. mammographic film
2. therapy localization film
3. dental x-ray film
4. video film
5. photofluoraphic
6. cine or roll film
7. duplicating film
8. subtraction film
9. dosimeter or personnel monitoring film
10. automatic serial changer
11. industrial film
12. polaroid radiographic film
13. laser film
70
fine grain, single emulsion film and for breast examination. it has a special anti-halation layer
mammographic film
71
fine grain, direct exposure film and serves as a guideline in therapy
therapy localization film
72
2 kinds of dental x-ray film
intraoral and extraoral
73
a type of dental x-ray film that is direct exposure and duplex film
intraoral film
74
a type of intraoral film that images the root of the teeth
periapical film
75
a type of intraoral film that localize cavities between the teeth
bitewing/interproximal
76
a type of intraoral film used when periapical film cannot visualize the entire teeth
occlusal film
77
a type of dental x-ray film that is a screen film
extraoral film
78
a type of extraoral film used to visualzie the entire mouth
panoramic
79
single emulsion and used in barium swallow, exposed in a device called multiformat camera and laser camera, records images on a VHS
video film
80
single emulsion; for photography of the image on the fluorescent screen by a camera in area chest x-ray examination
photofluorographic
81
abreugraphy is introduced by
Manuel Diaz Abreu
82
for mass chest x-ray examination to monitor PTB
photofluorographic
83
single emulsion film with sprocket holes, also known as movie film
cine or roll film
84
a reversal film uses a positive image, utilizing the reversal effect
cine or roll film
84
a reversal film uses a positive image, utilizing the reversal effect
cine or roll film
85
used in cardiac catheterization
angiographic film
86
cine or roll film uses a ____ with a fram rate of 30-60 frames/sec
tagarno viewer
87
also called copy film; responds differently to light photons, density decreases as it is being expose
duplicating film
88
used to produce an exact copy of a radiograph, uses the principle of solarization
duplicating film
89
companies of duplicating film
blu-ray copier, dupont cronex, logetronics
90
single emulsion; also called reversal film, used in digital subtraction angiography and facial profile views to show the relationship of tissue with bony structures
subtraction film
91
designed to produce a copy that is the exact opposite of the original radiograph
subtraction film
92
measures the absorbed dose; sensitive to x-ray, gamma, beta, and low energy neutrons (13 mR to 18 mR)
dosimeter
93
usually uses 2 films to measure both low energy and high energy radiation; 1 single and 1 double emulsion
dosimeter
94
frequently used dosimeter; made of lithium fluoride but no dosimeter film; monitors monthly exposure
thermoluminiscent dosimeter (TLD)
95
dosimeter that is made up of aluminum oxide and monitors monthly exposure but has no dosimeter film
optically-stimulated luminescent dosimeter (OSL)
96
uses the dosimeter film and worn inside the apron
film badge
97
dosimeter that is used for daily exposures and is reset
pen dosimeter
98
used in serial radiography such as angiography and special procedures
automatic serial changer
99
automatic serial changer is also called
Elema Zchonander and Franklin changer
100
uses mega-electron volts and high energy/radiation radiography
industrial film
101
can also be used in mammography
industrial fim
102
paper based, thermal paper
polaroid radiographic film
103
no darkroom, fixer and developing solution needed, artifacts include white line mark from resulting from dirt in the crystal that focuses the laser
laser film
104
fresh films storage temperature
20°C or 70°F
105
fresh films storage humidity
40-60%
106
storage temperature after
60-80°F
107
usual storage for original radiographs are up to how many years
5-7 years
108
increase temperature & humidity = ?
increase fog
109
decrease temperature & humidity = ?
increase static discharge
110
films are stored by ?
vertically, at edge, straight or upright
111
storage temperature if storing films for 30-45 days
21°C or 70°F
112
storage temperature if storing films less than 1 year
10°C or 50°F
113
storage temperature to store at to stop aging process
0°C
114
increase temperature =
increase aging process
115
contamination of developer solutions with 0.1% or fixer
chemical fog
116
placed to cover the developer tank when the fixing tank must be removed
splash guard
117
a restrainer prevents chemical fog by regulating development
development fog
118
most common form of film fogging
safelight fog
119
film should be warmed up to room temperature of ____ before using again
35°C or 85°F
