Film Processing

Question 1

x-ray image changes the latent image to a visible image that is made permanent for handling, viewing and storage

Answer 1

processing

Question 2

refers to the image that exists on film after it has been exposed but before it has been processed

Answer 2

latent/potential image

Question 3

black metallic silver image

Answer 3

visible/manifest image

Question 4

factors to produce image

Answer 4

technical factors, positioning, processing

Question 5

indirectly proportional to the chemicals for processing

Answer 5

time

Question 6

in automatic processing, an increased time results to ?

Answer 6

decrease of chemicals

Question 7

in manual processing, a decreased time results to ?

Answer 7

increase of chemicals

Question 8

converts exposed silver bromide crystals (latent image_ to BMS (visible image)

Answer 8

developer solution

Question 9

clears and removes unexposed silver bromide crystals and stops the development as it hardens the emulsion

Answer 9

fixer solution

Question 10

removes chemicals remain on film

Answer 10

water

Question 11

it is carried over the top of the tanks into the water drain

Answer 11

overflow solution

Question 12

temperature of manual processing system

Answer 12

70 farenheit

Question 13

processing steps of film

Answer 13

wetting
developing
rinsing
fixing
washing
drying

Question 14

swells emulsion for photon penetration to SHC

Answer 14

wetting

Question 15

incorporated with wetting because developer solution has wetting component

Answer 15

developing

Question 16

produces visible image from latent image

Answer 16

developing

Question 17

“stop-bath” and stops the developing action as it removes excess chemical from the emulsion

Answer 17

rinsing

Question 18

incorporated with rinsing and removes remaining silver halide crystals from emulsion and hardens gelatin

Answer 18

fixing

Question 19

rehardens emulsion for handling, viewing and storage for archival and removes unexposed SHC outside collimator

Answer 19

fixing

Question 20

removes chemicals with water

Answer 20

washing

Question 21

removes water and prepares radiograph for vewing

Answer 21

drying

Question 22

term for an excess fixer or silver sulfide stain

Answer 22

hyporetention or thiosulfate retention

Question 23

it is a cascade compartment type and has a developer tank, fixer tank and 2 wash tanks for initial and final washing. it uses hyponeutralizer as well

Answer 23

processing system tanks

Question 24

it has electrons that reduce SHC

Answer 24

developer

Question 25

these are given to film when developer is oxidized

Answer 25

electrons

Question 26

its function is convert latent image to manifest image

Answer 26

developing

Question 27

meaning of redox

Answer 27

reduction-oxidation

Question 28

meaning of europe

Answer 28

electrons are used in reduction, oxidation produces electrons

Question 29

combination of chemicals to make effect more powerful and an activity of each individual component of reducing agent in solution is less that the activity when two components are combined

Answer 29

superadditivity/synergism

Question 30

a small amount of fixer (0.1 ml) carries over to the developer will render it ineffective (fog)

Answer 30

developer contamination

Question 31

temperature for processing

Answer 31

20 degrees celcius or 68 farenheit

Question 32

it can be caused by evaporation or old or exhausted developer and has a strong ammonia odor

Answer 32

oxidized developer

Question 33

meaning of c.t.t.

Answer 33

concentration, time, temperature

Question 34

factors that may affect the finished radiograph

Answer 34

concentration of processing chemicals degree of chemistry agitation during development development time development temperature

Question 35

components of development solution

Answer 35

phenidone hydroquinone elon/metol pq mq sodium carbonate/hydroxide or potassium carbonate/hydroxide potassium bromide/iodide or sodium bromide/iodide sodium sulfite or cycon glutaraldehyde/dialdehyde benzothiozole or benzothiosulfate edta, chelates, calgon distilled water bleach 5%

Question 36

its primary functions is to remove, dissolve, clear away undeveloped SHC from the film

Answer 36

fixing

Question 37

to permanent the latent image or the exposed and already developed crystals

Answer 37

fixing

Question 38

term for a formation of silver complex of thiosulfate

Answer 38

monoargento-dithiosulfuric acid

Question 39

secondary functions of fixing

Answer 39

to stop development process to harden the emulsion further

Question 40

components of fixer solution

Answer 40

acetic acid/sulfuric acid/boric acid ammonium thiosulfate or sodium thiosulfate potassium alum/chrome alum/al chloride sodium/potassium sulfite or cycon borate salts acetic acid, silver nitrate and solvent distilled water

Question 41

factors that affect the use of fixer

Answer 41

fixing agent used concentration of the fixing agent temperature of the solution presence of hardener film material used agitation of the film exhaustion of the fixing bath

Question 42

indicator may be caused by developer temperature too high, developer overreplenishment, fixer contamination of developer; white light leak; crack in safelight filter; outdated film, processor improperly mixed

Answer 42

dark films and fogged films

Question 43

may be caused by developer temperature too low; developer underreplenishment, processor running too fast, exhausted developer, developer improperly mixed

Answer 43

light films

Question 44

contamination of developer by fixer (chemical fog), developer or fixer underreplenishment

Answer 44

pinkish/dichroic stain

Question 45

may be caused by inadequate washing

Answer 45

brown sulfate/thiosulfate

Question 46

insufficient hardener in developer

Answer 46

emulsion removed by developer

Question 47

dirty processor rollers, inadequate washing and drying

Answer 47

streaks

Question 48

inadequate drying

Answer 48

water spots

Question 49

inadequate washing

Answer 49

films appear greasy

Question 50

algae in wash water

Answer 50

dark flakes